The role of monks in managing education in Northeastern Thailand has been historically significant in local educational development. This study aimed to: (i) examine the history of educational management by monks in the Northeastern region, and (ii) investigate the roles of monks in educational management. This qualitative research employed document analysis and field data collection through surveys, interviews, observations, group discussions, and workshops. Data were collected from 99 participants, including 9 abbots, 54 students, and 36 community members. The findings revealed that: (i) Northeastern Thailand has developed its culture and education based on Buddhist foundations, with monks playing crucial roles in educational management since before the educational and religious reforms during King Rama V's reign, (ii) Monks in the research area provide educational support through scholarships, food provision, school building construction, and management of both general and Pali Dharma curricula, while also serving as leaders in public welfare activities. This research provides valuable insights for temple-based educational management and can benefit educational institutions and relevant organizations in developing local education systems.