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Peer reviewedBickel, Robert; Howley, Craig – Education Policy Analysis Archives, 2000
Studied the joint influence of school and district size on school performance in 367 schools with 8th grades and 298 schools with 11th grades in Georgia. Findings show substantial cross-level influences of school and district size at 8th grade and weaker influences at 11th grade, with equity effects strong at both grades and with a distinctive…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Elementary Secondary Education, Equal Education, School District Size
Download full textHowley, Craig B.; Bickel, Robert – 1999
Previous studies found that the small size of schools or school districts mitigated the negative influence of poverty on academic achievement in California, Alaska, and West Virginia. The Matthew Project extends this research in four additional states selected to provide varied settings: Ohio, Georgia, Texas, and Montana. Data from each state were…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Economically Disadvantaged, Elementary Secondary Education, School District Size
Bickel, Robert – 1999
Recent research in West Virginia and California has linked school size to both effectiveness and equity, finding that as school size increased, the mean achievement costs for schools with less-advantaged students became more burdensome. An effort was undertaken to replicate this research in four states offering a variety of school settings and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Economically Disadvantaged, Elementary Secondary Education, Enrollment
Howley, Craig; Bickel, Robert – American School Board Journal, 2002
Schools and districts with large number of economically disadvantaged students are likely to have higher average test scores if both are smaller. Larger school sizes, up to a reasonable limit, improve average test scores in affluent communities. Achievement among larger schools in larger districts shows the strongest relationship with…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Economically Disadvantaged, Elementary Secondary Education, Equal Education
Bickel, Robert – 1999
Recent research in West Virginia and California has linked school size to both effectiveness and equity, finding that as school size increased, the mean achievement costs for schools with less-advantaged students became more burdensome. An effort was undertaken to replicate this research in four states offering a variety of school settings and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Economically Disadvantaged, Elementary Secondary Education, Enrollment
Bickel, Robert; And Others – 1994
Previous explanations of teen pregnancy have often included uncritical use of the notion of adolescents "at risk." More recently, however, attention has shifted to structurally determined contextual factors to explain teen pregnancy. Such factors include economic and educational opportunities and costs, as well as chances for valued…
Descriptors: Adolescents, County School Districts, Disadvantaged Youth, Dropouts
