Attracting, supporting, and retaining special education teachers of color (SETOCs) is critical in shaping a diverse special education teacher workforce in the United States. However, efforts to diversify this workforce are fraught with challenges at the federal, state, and local levels. This paper reviews what is currently known about efforts to…

This paper reports the results of a state equity analysis in North Carolina based on conditions in 1975-76 and 1982-83. Since the state funding mechanism in North Carolina does not adjust for variation in local fiscal capacity, the focus of the analysis is on fiscal equity in local funding provisions. (TE)

Most school systems in Tennessee raise additional revenue for instructional and extracurricular activities through fund raising projects and voluntary student fee collections. Responses to a questionnaire by 129 principals (from a sample of 15) were analyzed to determine the extent, diversity, and results of fund raising activities and fee…

This document reports preliminary tabulations of public elementary and secondary school revenues and current expenditures for Fiscal Year 1987 (School Year 1986-87). Data shows revenues by local, state, intermediate, and federal sources, and current expenditures by categories of instruction, support services, noninstructional services, and fixed…

Contrasting a party identification model with a rational decision making model, a cognitive model predicts voter intent on two referenda: (1) an amendment to permit a state lottery; and (2) an amendment to permit residents of each county to vote on whether to permit casino gambling. Supporters of the lottery amendment attempt to strongly link it…

This paper is a quantitative assessment of the argument that enrollment declines have contributed to increases in per pupil expenditures in public education. It analyzes changes in resource levels per pupil in Michigan from 1970 to 1980 and the extent to which they are related to changes in enrollment. (TE)

This article reports the results of a comprehensive analysis of a school finance formula implemented in Virginia in 1974-75, the purpose of which was to provide increased fiscal equity throughout the state. Results show, however, that per-pupil revenue disparities have actually increased since that time. (TE)

This document reviews the results of a study of five Ohio Supreme Court cases concerning the equalization of property assessments among the various classes of real property: commercial, industrial, residential, and agricultural. Each of the decisions--occurring between 1964 and 1980, and involving the Park Investment Company--is briefly summarized…

This study examines the effects of the 1979 Oregon Property Tax Relief Plan on 1980-81 school district budget decisions by comparing the available tax relief, the school expenditures, and the tax levies in the state for the years 1975-81. The history of direct and indirect property tax relief in Oregon is sketched for the years prior to 1979; the…

Chapter 2 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA) reduced and redistributed federal aid to education, moving funds from targeted areas of need to all areas regardless of need. States were unable to make up for significant losses in aid sustained by local districts. (TE)

Reform efforts involving school finance have focused on the state's role in equalizing expenditures across all districts within a state. Despite these efforts, little attention has been given to differing expenditures among school within districts. In analyzing differences in spending across schools and students in Cincinnati, Seattle, and…

The two papers in this document focus on two different major educational reforms and their continuing central issues in California's comprehensive school finance legislation of 1981. The first report, "The Waiver Process for California's Educational Code," by David R. Pacheco, examines the legislation that delegated to nonelected board…

A sample of teachers, principals, supervisors, superintendents, school board members, and county commissioners across Tennessee responded to questionnaires concerning funding patterns and revenue sources for public education. Except for the commissioners, who are the funding agents for school systems in Tennessee and are responsible for setting…

Although schooling in Australia has been traditionally the responsibility of the states, increased specific grant funding, based on fiscal performance equalization, has led to a more active role for the Australian federal government in influencing education outcomes. A possible consequence is a loss in diversity of the educational system.(TE)

This technical report is the second edition of "Conditions of Education in California," and contains 53 figures and tables of data that range from student test performances to state revenue projections. Following a summary of state education highlights, the section "The Evolving Context of California Education" presents past,…