States and districts allocate hundreds of billions of dollars annually to fund K-12 schools, and this allocation is largely driven by one calculation: how states count student enrollment. They do this in one of five ways: (1) A single count on a single day; (2) Two counts twice per year; (3) Multiple counts over a period of time; (4) An attendance…

In the postbellum southern U.S., African Americans were steadily disenfranchised, a modern publicly financed universal school system with racially segregated schools was created, and public school monies were allocated so that white pupils received substantially more than black pupils. An earlier paper (Ng and Halcoussis 2003) established a…

This article provides information on Maryland's state education finance and governance. The state provides a foundation funding program, which guarantees a minimum or foundation level of per-pupil expenditures for children in all the state's school systems; this is done through a combination of state aid and local revenue. In 2002, Maryland…

Phil Gainous is in a sticky spot. The board of education in Montgomery County, Md., decided this was the year when sugary sodas and non-nutritious snacks must disappear from high school vending machines, replaced by healthier options. Gainous isn't against promoting healthy habits. But as the veteran principal of Montgomery Blair High School, the…

During the first crisis of the early 1990s, higher education institutions in Maryland experienced a decline in public funding and were consequently forced to compete for scarce resources. By 1992, higher education appropriations as a percentage of the state general fund had fallen to 11.1%; a decrease of 2.4% in just 2 years. Some improvement had…

In fiscal 1996, Maryland expended over $5.7 billion on public education. This paper reviews the sources of revenue for education, focusing on the relative importance of federal, state, and local funding, and provides an overview of state education aid. The state's commitment to the public schools accounted for over 40 percent of spending at the…

This paper presents an overview of legislative developments and policy debates that occurred in Maryland during 1994-95 and their effects on school finance. These developments include: (1) the election, by a narrow margin, of a new Democratic governor who promised to restore state cuts in educational expenditures; (2) the increase of…

Maryland community colleges receive financial support from both the state and their local jurisdiction, as well as from student charges and other income from operations and investments. The proportion of local aid varies considerably across jurisdictions. A study was conducted at Prince George's Community College (PGCC) to measure local support…

QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES FROM 896 COMMUNITY LEADERS (55 PERCENT OF TOTAL SAMPLE OF 1,643), REPRESENTING 11 GROUPS CONCERNED WITH EDUCATION IN MARYLAND, WERE STATISTICALLY ANALYZED TO DETERMINE HOW COMMUNITY LEADERS VIEW THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS, WHAT THEY CONSIDER THE DESIRABLE GOALS AND MAJOR PROBLEMS OF THE SCHOOLS AND HOW WELL THEY ARE BEING MET, AND…

To assist local boards of education, postsecondary educational institutions, and local advisory councils in Maryland in meeting the requirements for federal funding under Title II-Vocational Education of the Education Amendments of 1976 (P.L. 94-482), this handbook provides guidelines for the establishment and responsibilities of local advisory…

This study examined efforts at the local level to reduce the fragmentation of services to students with and without disabilities through the consolidation or blending of federal and state categorical educational programs. Twenty-two state and local program administrators in California, Maryland, and Massachusetts were interviewed. Findings include…

Revenues and expenditures at public and private colleges and universities in Maryland were analyzed and compared with national patterns. State Board for Higher Education (SBHE) guidelines were also consulted. Expenditure patterns of public and private colleges are similar. However, private colleges are most dependent on tuition and fees and income…

In 1992, in response to legislative mandate, Prince George's Community College (PGCC) (Maryland) conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the its financial plan. Specifically, the evaluation focused on cost containment measures used to maintain low tuition and moderate future increases in student charges; cost per student of each academic…

The Maryland Board for Higher Education's consolidated capital and operating budget for fiscal year 1985 for higher education institutions and agencies is presented. Recommendations of the Board are summarized, and the status of higher education funding is briefly discussed. Methods of funding institutional budget requests for the capital and…