Because of the lack of a definitive United States Supreme Court decision on prayers at graduation, school officials are left without clear direction. Analyzes two decisions that illustrate the differences in judicial opinion on the legality of prayers at graduation ceremonies. (MLF)

In a June 2000 decision, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a southern Texas district's policy authorizing student-led and student-initiated prayer at football games violates the Establishment Clause. The Court viewed this policy as having a sham secular purpose and a primary effect of endorsing religion. (MLH)

The Ninth Circuit Court's decision upholding the Madison School District's policy allowing students to speak (and pray) at graduation ceremonies is correct. So long as students are selected by religiously neutral criteria (class rank) and can speak on any topic, the Free Speech Clause should protect that student's expression. (MLH)

Examines key legal tensions flowing from the return of organized student-sponsored prayer to public schools. Claims that political "conservatism" has subordinated individual liberty to the unwarranted power of the federal government. (19 references) (MLF)

Conflicting opinions between two circuit court decisions set the stage for another consideration of school officials' discretion in deciding whether the Equal Access Act would apply to their schools based on the presence or absence of a limited open forum. (MLF)

Since the Supreme Court's 1992 "Lee v. Weisman" decision, holding that the First Amendment's establishment clause precluded school-sponsored graduation prayers, school officials have struggled to avoid lawsuits while satisfying community preferences. Efforts to circumvent this decision have resulted in "noncoercive"…

In 1992, a high-school student and a math teacher sued the Cleveland Public Schools in Federal District Court, contending that the board's opening prayers violated the establishment clause and the Ohio Constitution. The 6th Circuit Court upheld this suit, saying school-board prayer differs from permissible legislative prayer. (MLH)

England's recent Education Reform Act of 1988 makes a number of important changes in the law relating to religious education. Describes the principal changes in the law and examines some of the practical difficulties expected to arise in their implementation. Critiques the policies that underlie the new legal provisions. (118 references) (MLF)

Although major cases involving religion in public schools were decided decades ago, disputes still arise over interpreting the First Amendment's establishment clause. Formally inviting clergy to pray at high school graduation ceremonies is clearly not permissible, but the law is unsettled regarding student-initiated and student-led nonsectarian…

Discusses viability of voucher systems including sectarian schools. Voucher plans' constitutionality may be enhanced by incorporating characteristics such as universal availability, allocation using neutral criteria, and "opting out" clauses. The Supreme Court's ruling in "Santa Fe" may squelch district policies condoning…

In 2001, the Supreme Court upheld equal access for student religious groups meeting at school facilities, declared graduation prayer unlawful, agreed to resolve a peer-grading dispute, may consider constitutionality of a Cleveland educational voucher program, and upheld authors in a database copyright lawsuit. (MLH)

Traces the legal history of prayer clubs and related religious activities in schools. Cites psychological arguments that high school students are generally independent and capable of critical thinking; contends that research is needed in determining whether high school students can specifically perceive religious neutrality. (MLF)

Canadian public education has become secularized. Although the Charter's language on freedom of conscience and religion prohibits religious indoctrination in schools, it does not proscribe education about religion. Generally, Canadian courts have followed and accepted American developments in this regard but have avoided byzantine judgments on…

Contends that a circuit court ruling prohibiting a student religious group from holding meetings in a public secondary school erodes the intent of the Equal Access Act to provide access for students wishing to exercise religious speech. (MLF)

The Supreme Court has decided to address the facts in "Lee v. Weisman" involving the validity of graduation prayer. Reviews the opinions of the current justices regarding the role of the tripartite establishment clause "Lemon" test and concludes with a projection of the court's resolution of the "Lee" case. (73…