England's recent Education Reform Act of 1988 makes a number of important changes in the law relating to religious education. Describes the principal changes in the law and examines some of the practical difficulties expected to arise in their implementation. Critiques the policies that underlie the new legal provisions. (118 references) (MLF)

Uses responses to the 1987 "Phi Delta Kappan/Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes toward the Public Schools" to point out the possibility that proponents of school prayer may not be interested in religious devotion, but may be seeking the establishment of sectarian religion in public schools. (LS)

Explores the background of the "Lee" case, in which the Supreme Court, by a 5-4 decision, declared that graduation prayers violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. Cites implications of the Supreme Court for future Establishment Clause cases. (54 footnotes) (MLF)

Although major cases involving religion in public schools were decided decades ago, disputes still arise over interpreting the First Amendment's establishment clause. Formally inviting clergy to pray at high school graduation ceremonies is clearly not permissible, but the law is unsettled regarding student-initiated and student-led nonsectarian…

Discusses viability of voucher systems including sectarian schools. Voucher plans' constitutionality may be enhanced by incorporating characteristics such as universal availability, allocation using neutral criteria, and "opting out" clauses. The Supreme Court's ruling in "Santa Fe" may squelch district policies condoning…

In 2001, the Supreme Court upheld equal access for student religious groups meeting at school facilities, declared graduation prayer unlawful, agreed to resolve a peer-grading dispute, may consider constitutionality of a Cleveland educational voucher program, and upheld authors in a database copyright lawsuit. (MLH)

Argues that graduation prayer is unconstitutional because it violates the Establishment Clause, but the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment entitles a valedictorian giving a commencement speech to discuss religion and even to express religious beliefs as the student's own, private beliefs. Summarizes court decisions. (MLF)

The National PTA holds the position that religion should be dealt with in public schools in an academic, not a devotional way. This article discusses the implications of Supreme Court decisions on religion in the schools and appropriate ways of including religion in the school curriculum. (IAH)

Explains the persistence of the issue of school prayer and provides historical background for understanding the ways in which the issue has changed over time. Shows that school prayer is not as long-standing a custom or as widespread as commonly assumed. Lists the implications that this information has for religious education. (KO)

Discusses reasons why the "Lee v. Weisman" Supreme Court decision that held unconstitutional a Rhode Island school policy for prayer at a junior high school commencement does not extend to the university level. Concludes that an appropriately worded commencement prayer could pass the three-part "Lemon" threshold and not violate…

In "Lee," the Supreme Court held that prayer directed by a school official at graduation ceremonies was unconstitutional. Examines "Lee" and two subsequent decisions by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals: "Jones v. Clear Creek ISD" allowed prayer initiated by students; "Doe v. Duncanville ISD" prohibited a…

In a Texas case, the U.S. Supreme Court recently affirmed that a policy allowing student-led, student-initiated prayer at high-school football games violated the Establishment Clause. Whatever districts do, school business officials and others responsible for safeguarding resources should pay attention to the school-prayer issue. (MLH)

Fragmented federal court decisions about graduation prayer and the strong public interest in this issue call for the Supreme Court to step in to clarify the law. Summarizes court decisions on this topic. (MLF)

Intended to make the First Amendment relevant to young people by addressing issues that speak directly to their lives, this guide assists teachers in using "Talk about Freedom," a series of eight educational print advertisements (ads) for teenagers, in the classroom. The eight print ads presented in the guide address: (1) censorship of…

In these divided states of America, schools should teach students how to participate in the democratic process, rather than avoid classroom conflicts. Education for citizenship in a democracy cannot happen in an artificially conflict-free environment. Citizenship's core challenge is learning to cope creatively with controversial issues (like…