A fundamental objective for the physical educator is to provide students with effective, age-appropriate physical education (PE) in a safe environment. The importance of PE must be emphasized in light of the strong association between regular physical activity and health. Currently, 18% of U.S. children ages 6 to 19 are classified as overweight (CDC, 2008). This is of great importance since obese children are more likely to become obese adults (Whitaker, 1997). Approximately 7.5 million high school students also choose to concurrently participate in a variety of school-sponsored, interscholastic sports (IS) (NFHS, 2010). Physical education and IS participation share many commonalities, but possess important differences that may make participation in both ideal. Physical educators often fulfill various coaching responsibilities within their schools, making an understanding of the interaction between same-day PE and IS participation valuable. This article serves to investigate the implications that PE has on markers of fatigue, recovery, injury risk, and athletic performance on same-day IS participation. Recommendations for PE teachers and coaches will be discussed, with an emphasis on empirical evidence that supports an effective and complementary coexistence between IS and PE.