The Marquis de Condorcet proposed a progressive restructuring of French schools and colleges that has modern parallels with lifelong learning. However, his plans were thwarted by the Jacobin party, which found Rousseau's ideas more conducive to its political aims. (SK)

This paper interrelates the conceptual approaches of Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu to draw a method to investigate reform in elementary education (ages 6-16) in Iceland in the past 25 years. First is a brief explanation of the conceptual framework of the research that has been conducted on the reform. Identified are three main spectra of…

Describes the debate over how and when the community college movement spread from the Midwest to California. Presents evidence that the University of Chicago's William Rainey Harper was working in 1900 to convince three California colleges to drop their upper division and become junior colleges. Considers the role of David Starr Jordan in the…

Using data from over 75 interviews, examines education reform in Detroit (Michigan) and explores the apparent collapse of a local education reform effort in spite of broad dissatisfaction with the current education system. Findings indicate that some long-term institutional impact of the reform remains. (SLD)

Presents a historical perspective on school restructuring, looking at New York City's unique reform; policy discourse and trends in practice; late nineteenth-century diversity; reorganization from 1900-50; challenging basic assumptions in the 1960s; back to basics in the 1980s; long-term structural trends in public schools; and education reform…

Drawing on extensive staff interviews, this publication profiles a high school principal in Eugene, Oregon, who exhibits many aspects of transformational leadership. Transformational leadership is improvement oriented and comprises three elements: (1) a collaborative, shared decision-making approach; (2) an emphasis on teacher professionalism and…

This book provides an overview of the educational events and ideas that emerged in Australia during the years 1960 to 1985. It offers a comprehensive view of Australian education, covering all levels from kindergarten to university. Focusing on the remodelling of curricula and the teaching process, the book describes and assesses the…

A historical overview of the development of the British middle school system is presented in this paper, with a focus on the impact of the national curriculum established by the Education Reform Act of 1988. Based on field observation, information is presented on curriculum, the role of head teachers and faculty, parental involvement, and student…

Discusses the impact of glasnost and perestroika on Soviet educational reform. Reviews trends in the following areas: (1) the form and content of education; (2) the role of teachers; (3) the structure and mission of educational research; and (4) the effects of political movements on the educational system. (FMW)

In order that we may know where we stand in secondary education, the membership of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools four years ago took the lead in urging a study. It seemed to them that it was wise for such a study to be made by the Government of the United States rather than by a private foundation; for if such an…

The history of statutory and case law pertinent to school reorganization reflects the elaboration of state authority over education during the development of the American Republic. This article considers the legal right of the state to define and redefine the territory served by administrative units that provide direct services to students. Public…

Between the close of the first World War and the beginning of the second, approximately two decades, several European nations that had not previously done so maintained democratic forms of government. In that period they tried to arrange their school systems in such a way as to educate their children for life in democracies. Their moves in that…

Some time ago the Commissioner of Education was requested to offer advice in regard to the reorganization of the Francis Scott Key School, to meet more effectively the needs of its children and the adult population of that section, and to suggest plans for a building to be so constructed as to adapt it to the use of the school so reorganized. In…

This bulletin provides a brief historical account of Czechoslovakia from the end of World War I to the present state. The report describes the education system in three parts: (1) School System: 1918-1948--preschool and elementary education, secondary education, teacher training, and higher education; (2) school system: 1958-1960--preschool…

Arguing that the multitude of federal, state and local laws governing the California Community Colleges (CCC) drains the system's capacity to serve students seeking educational opportunity, this paper examines how the state's colleges came to be micro-managed and offers possible solutions. Part I provides a history of laws and structures governing…