Researchers and educators have begun to question whether Chapter 1 pull-out programs are the most effective method of delivering extra help to the students who need it. Pull-out programs are still the predominating type, but may be declining in popularity as in-class programs gain favor. This document summarizes a variety of program designs which…

This study investigated whether Chapter 1 middle school students showed more achievement gain when delivery of the pull-out supplementary reading or mathematics instruction was "massed" in time blocks or "distributed" weekly across the school year. All students in one Middle School Chapter 1 Learning Center program participated…