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What Do Tests of "Formal" Reasoning Actually Measure?.
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Lawson, Anton E. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1992
Reports a study of 922 college students that classified the students based on performance on formal operational reasoning tasks. Students were also administered seven logic tasks. Response patterns were analyzed and found to be similar to patterns derived from the multiple-hypothesis theory of advanced scientific reasoning and different from those…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Educational Strategies, Formal Operations, Higher Education
Logical Language, Natural Strategies and the Teaching of Science.
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Maskill, Roger – International Journal of Science Education, 1988
Analyzed is the role of formal logic in the development and investigation of science education. Investigated are the use of logical relations in the learning of abstract concepts and the development of efficient cognitive processes in the context of science curricula. (Author/YP)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Formal Operations, Logical Thinking, Science Curriculum
Accelerating the Development of Formal Thinking in Middle and High School Students IV: Three Years after a Two-Year Intervention.
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Shayer, Michael; Adey, Philip S. – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1993
Three years after end of 2-year intervention program intended to promote formal operational thinking, achievement of students initially age 11 was tested by their results on British National examinations, taken at age 16 (experimental group n=88, control group n=103). In comparison with control classes, the effect size for science was 0.67,…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Developmental Stages, Educational Research, Effect Size