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Valenza, Eloisa; Bulf, Hermann – Developmental Science, 2011
The present study aimed to investigate whether perceptual completion is available at birth, in the absence of any visual experience. An extremely underspecified kinetic visual display composed of four spatially separated fragments arranged to give rise to an illusory rectangle that occluded a vertical rod (illusory condition) or rotated so as not…
Descriptors: Evidence, Stimuli, Mechanics (Physics), Neonates
Xie, Charles – Journal of Chemical Education, 2011
Almost all chemical processes release or absorb heat. The heat flow in a chemical system reflects the process it is undergoing. By showing the temperature distribution dynamically, infrared (IR) imaging provides a salient visualization of the process. This paper presents a set of simple experiments based on IR imaging to demonstrate its enormous…
Descriptors: Chemistry, Visual Stimuli, Science Education, Classroom Environment
Souza, Karina Ap F. D.; Porto, Paulo Alves – Science & Education, 2012
Assuming that textbooks give literary expression to cultural and ideological values of a nation or group, we propose the analysis of chemistry textbooks used in Brazilian universities throughout the twentieth century. We analyzed iconographic and textual aspects of 31 textbooks which had significant diffusion in the context of Brazilian…
Descriptors: Textbooks, Physics, Chemistry, Science Education
Li, Winston; Meekins, Kelsey; Schirillo, James – Neuropsychologia, 2012
In an experimental paradigm adapted from Hari (1995), forty observers listened via headphones to 8 binaural clicks: 4 left-ear leading followed by 4 right-ear leading with either 38 or 140 ms interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Concurrently, they viewed either foveal or peripheral visual stimuli designed to activate either the parvocellular or…
Descriptors: Structural Elements (Construction), Visual Stimuli, Intervals, Models
Park, Joonkoo; Hebrank, Andrew; Polk, Thad A.; Park, Denise C. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2012
The visual recognition of letters dissociates from the recognition of numbers at both the behavioral and neural level. In this article, using fMRI, we investigate whether the visual recognition of numbers dissociates from letters, thereby establishing a double dissociation. In Experiment 1, participants viewed strings of consonants and Arabic…
Descriptors: Evidence, Numbers, Brain, Individual Differences
Jannati, Ali; Spalek, Thomas M.; Lagroix, Hayley E. P.; Di Lollo, Vincent – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
Identification of the second of two targets (T2) is impaired when presented shortly after the first (T1). This "attentional blink" (AB) is thought to arise from a delay in T2 processing during which T2 is vulnerable to masking. Conventional studies have measured T2 accuracy which is constrained by the 100% ceiling. We avoided this problem by using…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Attention, Identification, Cognitive Processes
Hazeltine, Eliot; Lightman, Erin; Schwarb, Hillary; Schumacher, Eric H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
We examined the sequential modulation of congruency effects using a task in which the irrelevant information shares the same stimulus dimensions as the relevant information but is presented at an earlier time. In Experiment 1, sequential modulations were observed within a stimulus modality but not between stimulus modalities. In Experiment 2,…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Experiments, Task Analysis, Observation
Galli, Giulia; Otten, Leun J. – Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2011
It is unclear how neural correlates of episodic memory retrieval differ depending on the type of material that is retrieved. Here, we used a source memory task to compare electrical brain activity for the recollection of three types of stimulus material. At study, healthy adults judged how well visually presented objects, words, and faces fitted…
Descriptors: Research Design, Visual Stimuli, Infants, Memory
Turner, Nigel E.; Liu, Eleanor; Toneatto, Tony – International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2011
The study examined the perception of random lines by people with gambling problems compared to people without gambling problems. The sample consisted of 67 probable pathological gamblers and 46 people without gambling problems. Participants completed a number of questionnaires about their gambling and were then presented with a series of random…
Descriptors: Substance Abuse, Comparative Analysis, Experiments, Pattern Recognition
Blattler, Colin; Ferrari, Vincent; Didierjean, Andre; Marmeche, Evelyne – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of expertise on motion anticipation. We conducted 2 experiments in which novices and expert pilots viewed simulated aircraft landing scenes. The scenes were interrupted by the display of a black screen and then started again after a forward or backward shift. The participant's task was to…
Descriptors: Expertise, Motion, Cognitive Development, Experiments
Jenkinson, Jodie; McGill, Gael – CBE - Life Sciences Education, 2012
Undergraduate biology education provides students with a number of learning challenges. Subject areas that are particularly difficult to understand include protein conformational change and stability, diffusion and random molecular motion, and molecular crowding. In this study, we examined the relative effectiveness of three-dimensional…
Descriptors: Animation, Medical Schools, Visualization, Motion
Becker, Stefanie I.; Horstmann, Gernot; Remington, Roger W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
Several different explanations have been proposed to account for the search asymmetry (SA) for angry schematic faces (i.e., the fact that an angry face target among friendly faces can be found faster than vice versa). The present study critically tested the perceptual grouping account, (a) that the SA is not due to emotional factors, but to…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Human Body, Visual Stimuli, Classification
Watson, Derrick G.; Compton, Suzannah; Bailey, Hannah – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2011
The preview benefit describes the finding that participants can prioritize the selection of new stimuli by the top-down inhibition of previously presented (previewed) items already in the field (Watson & Humphreys, 1997). Previous work has shown that if the old items undergo a permanent shape change when the new are added, then the old items…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Visual Stimuli, Attention, Ecology
Visual Literacy in Biology: A Comparison of Visual Representations in Textbooks and Journal Articles
Rybarczyk, Brian – Journal of College Science Teaching, 2011
Using course materials to promote visual literacy skills is an important aspect of undergraduate science education. A comparison study was undertaken to determine the composition of visual representations, specifically representations of data generated from experimental research, found in general biology and discipline-specific textbooks compared…
Descriptors: Discipline, Textbooks, Biology, Journal Articles
Lagattuta, Kristin Hansen; Sayfan, Liat; Monsour, Michael – Developmental Science, 2011
Two experiments examined 4- to 11-year-olds' and adults' performance (N = 350) on two variants of a Stroop-like card task: the "day-night task" (say "day" when shown a moon and "night" when shown a sun) and a new "happy-sad task" (say "happy" for a sad face and "sad" for a happy face). Experiment 1 featured colored cartoon drawings. In Experiment…
Descriptors: Cartoons, Memory, Age Differences, Children
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