The limitations of traditional education models and the advancement of technology have revealed the need to transform the learning experience. The "Flipped Learning" approach, born out of this need, is a model where students study learning materials in advance and participate in more interactive and hands-on activities in the classroom.…

Representations have been widely applied to teaching and learning in Western classrooms and recently in several Asian countries. More and more Asian schools are calling for the application of this approach in teaching science. However, little has been known about how the construction of representations could enable teachers to make changes in…

Despite widespread recognition among policy makers, educational leaders, and the nation as a whole of the importance of science, engineering, and technology as drivers of the future of the country and society, the science achievement of America's students is mediocre at best, in comparison to that of international peers. On the 2012 PISA tests in…