In their everyday work, scholars constantly acquire and transfer knowledge. Many of these knowledge flows are difficult to observe, not least because scholars are often not aware of them. This may be the reason why the attention to knowledge flows is very unevenly distributed across science studies, with bibliometric citation-based studies…

"Science and Engineering Indicators" (SEI) is first and foremost a volume of record comprising the major high-quality quantitative data on the U.S. and international science and engineering enterprise. SEI is factual and policy neutral. It does not offer policy options, and it does not make policy recommendations. SEI employs a variety…

The countries discussed in this report are mainly Western European and are those from which modern science, analytical methods, and inductive and deductive reasoning arose in the 17th and 18th centuries. This report has been prepared to provide as consistent a database as possible on human resources for science in the specified European countries.…

The program on Ethics and Values in Science and Technology (EVIST) at the National Science Foundation has two major goals. The first is to stimulate research on ethical aspects of contemporary issues involving scientific and technological research and development and on social values that influence and are influenced by the work of scientists and…

This pamphlet presents conclusions related to the compendium of factual data called "Science and Engineering Indicators" (published every 2 years) about the strengths and weaknesses of American science and technology and offers recommendations for action. American science and engineering are vibrant and productive, although the United States no…

The National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Science Resources Services designs and conducts surveys related to, and supports other data collection activities dealing with, science resources. The data from these surveys and data collection efforts are used by NSF and others to analyze various research and development (R&D) funding and…

The National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Studies (SRS) has a legislatively mandated responsibility for the collection, compilation, and analyses of information related to science and technology, inputs, outputs, and impact. This constitutes a broad charter requiring diverse activities. The products of these activities are of…

The National Science Foundation's Divison of Science Resources Studies (SRS) has a legislatively mandated responsibility to collect, compile, and analyze information related to science and technology resources and impacts of those resources. The mandate consistitutes a broad charter requiring diverse activities. The products of these activities…

Science and technology (S&T) data are presented in 36 charts, graphs, or tables. These data are organized into three major categories, namely, research and development (R&D) funding, human resources, and international S&T indicators. R&D funding is subdivided into national, federal, industry, and academic categories, with data…

This pocket guide presents data on research and development (R&D) funding, human resources, and international science and technology (S&T) indicators. Among the R&D funding data provided are: national R&D funding by source and performer; federal R&D obligations by agency and character of work; industrial expenditures by sources of funds and…

Describes a dilemma between scientific research and the supporting budget. Discusses the budget proposal for fiscal year 1989, criteria for priorities, and government organization for science and technology budgeting. Suggests an active role for setting priorities across scientific fields. (YP)

The National Science Foundation's Division of Science Resources Studies (SRS) has a legislatively mandated responsibility to collect, compile, and analyze information related to science and technology resources and the outputs and impacts of those resources. The mandate constitutes a broad charter requiring diverse activities. The products of…

Reviews various evidences on the relationship between age and the reception of major innovations in science. Examines the possibility that age patterning of reception may vary over time. Reports the potential importance of age on the reception of ideas while rejecting the presumption that advanced age leads to increased resistance. (YP)

This report, which includes 51 tables and charts, examines past, present, and future imbalances in the supply of and demand for scientists and engineers. The supply is assessed by source and by field, and compared with current and short-range demand for new graduates and for experienced scientists and engineers, including assessment of the…

Discusses the issues on which scientists and engineers work in the developed countries to help developing countries. Describes the present gap between the two groups of countries. Proposes some suggestions and activities for solving the problems in respect to the North, the South, and the United Nations. (YP)