The author presents both optimistic and pessimistic news about the future use of technicians in management and supervisory positions. He is optimistic because of the efforts by industry and education to solve difficulty personnel problems; pessimistic because of the complexity of the organizational structure necessary to manage technical…

Reasons behind the fact that there are fewer women scientists than men scientists are explored in this paper. Data on the number of women Ph.D.'s in each field of science for the years 1966 through 1974 are presented and analyzed. Graduate school admissions policies and the greater attrition rate for women in graduate school compared to men are…

The need for educational and career counseling for girls and women is described in this paper. Expectations, the "Cinderella syndrome", independence, and adolescence are discussed. Factors which reduce girls' aspirations and options are identified. Career counseling that concerns itself with strength, independence, role model equality, and sharing…

This paper discusses some of the factors that may be relevant to recruitment/retention of minorities into professions. It is based on two assumptions: (1) the job potential in science professions is especially good for minorities; and (2) parity with respect to minorities in science professions is an acceptable goal. Certain factors influencing…

This paper summarizes the history and current directions of the Science for Citizens program at the National Science Foundation and notes the role evaluation and evaluators might play with respect to it. The goal of the program is to help scientists and citizens participate knowledgeably in policy-making with respect to issues in which science and…

Presented is a paper related to a Career Exploration Project, supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation. Studied was the effect of an instructional treatment designed to encourage highly qualified females to pursue male-dominated science careers such as medicine and engineering. The study also attempted to ascertain what kinds of…

Several forecasters project significant shortages of doctoral engineers, physical scientists, mathematicians, and computer scientists through much of the next decade. This paper discusses the shortage of doctoral scientists and engineers and the solution to the problem. The possibility of hiring foreign graduates and recruiting minorities and…

This report presents the results of a study of the employment and enrollment patterns of women scientists and engineers conducted by the Evaluation and Training Institute with assistance from the National Science Foundation, and compares them to the results of other studies. Overall, the distributions of both women and students across the various…

A study determined whether chemical operations specialists at skill level 1 differ in terms of aptitude, job knowledge, job confidence, and perceptions of task difficulty, task importance, task frequency, and task training, depending on whether the specialists are active U.S. Army soldiers or are in the Army Reserve. The subjects for whom complete…

Minorities are a growing proportion of Americans, and the nation can no longer afford to leave any fraction of its population uneducated and unable to participate in a wide variety of professional fields and to function appropriately as taxpaying citizens. This paper examines present minority participation in engineering and science through the…

The supply of scientists and engineers should be viewed not only in terms of quantity, but also in terms of quality and preparation. Forecasts have proven inaccurate in the past so that industry must assure an adequate quantity of students entering the science and engineering fields by the promise of employment. The quality of the professionals…

The issues involving the role and impact of specialists and generalists in society are critically examined in this paper. Currently held views on specialization are analyzed and challenged. Perspectives on this dilemma are developed in the following areas: (1) limitations of experts (casts doubt on the assumption that ordinary citizens are…

This report describes the multifaceted Math/Science Education Program for Women at the Lawrence Hall of Science aimed at attracting and retaining women and minorities in math and science. The inservice teacher education program (EQUALS) focuses on methods/materials to attract women and minority students in mathematics. Evaluation of the program…

This keynote address was presented at Women's Career Day in Computer Sciences at the University of Southern California on October 7, 1978. It gives evidence for the increase in participation of women in science and engineering programs at colleges and universities, as well as the job market. Opportunities for women in the field of computer science…

This conference presentation analyzes the present and anticipated future employment situation for mathematicians, scientists, and engineers in the Federal Republic of Germany. On the whole, it is determined that supply and demand for mathematicians, scientists, and engineers will be generally balanced, though there may be imbalances in individual…