Russian science is in need of serious reforms if it is to provide the research and development needed for economic health. Issues of increasing average age of scientific personnel, poor working conditions, low salaries, and relatively low social prestige need to be addressed. This article reviews a questionnaire survey conducted in 2008 that aimed to determine scientists' and instructors' attitudes toward problems of social and economic inequality in Russia and the extent to which these problems relate to their own lives. The authors conclude that the aging of science cadres remains an important problem in science. To ensure continuity in science and pass accumulated experience and knowledge on to young people it is essential, at the minimum, to provide the older generation with the ability to maintain their health. (Contains 7 figures, 1 table, and 4 notes.)