Within the framework of the current University Law 30220 and the processes involved in its implementation in search for quality of higher education, this article is written to introduce the reader to what Peruvian universities are and should be doing to fulfill one of their important roles: research and technological development. Different…

Extending and expanding Geiger and Feller's (1995) analysis of increasing dispersion in R&D expenditures during the 1980s, the paper analyzes publication and citation counts as well as R&D expenditures for 194 top producers using Web of Science data. We find high and stable levels of inequality in the 1990s and 2000s, combined with robust…

This article examines dynamics of knowledge production and discourses of basic-applied science and relevance at the Swedish Institute for Surface Chemistry, a semi-public industrially oriented research institute, from 1980 to 2005. We employ a three-pronged method, consisting of (1) an analysis of how the institute articulated its research…

This project is the first systematic study of the organizational structure, communications patterns, and archival records of industrial physicists in the U.S., and it provides general guidelines for understanding and documenting their work. The study confirms that the organization and management of industrial R&D is volatile, changing in response…

Public confidence in the results of research conducted by universities and research and development laboratories is being threatened by the disclosure of instances of ineptitude, plagiarism, and outright fraud at some of our most prestigious institutions. Pressures for consistent success in research can promote an environment conducive to…

The history of organized research units suggests that they have played an important role in the reorientation of university research toward applied knowledge. This has allowed American universities to expand parts of their research commitments in response to social demands without significantly affecting their fundamental educational mission. (MSE)

This data brief reports on statistics related to the federal academic science and engineering obligations. The data is presented in one chart and two tables that provide information on federal science and engineering and science and engineering research and development obligations during the fiscal years 1986-1996, federal academic science and…

Examined are the number and distribution of persons engaged in research and development in the U.S.S.R. Quantitative comparisons are made between Soviet and U.S. research and development employment. Data indicate that the estimated number of scientists and engineers in the U.S.S.R. substantially exceeds the number in the U.S. (Author/CS)

Provides a background on the use of the digital computer to support visualization in scientific computing (scientific visualization). Includes an example of scientific and nonscientific visualization. Reviews both scientific and other visualization research literature; development; and applications organized around a model of visualization…

This Office of Technology Assessment report on the current state of research and development in the telecommunications industry in the United States examines four specific areas of research as case studies: computer architecture, artificial intelligence, fiber optics, and software engineering. It discusses the structure and orientation of some…

This issue brief presents data illustrating the diversity across federal agency support in the science and engineering fields as emphasized in their funding of both academic research and science and engineering graduate students. Funding data show that changes in the balance of academic research funding across agencies are likely to affect both…

The concept of owning knowledge is somewhat ethereal and until recently had little relevance to academic institutions. In principle any object that is capable of being controlled is capable of being owned. The most basic control concerns decisions about whether to communicate knowledge. The philosophical foundation which is the basis of the legal…

Because of the changes occurring in the chemical sciences, a new survey of chemistry and its intellectual and economic impact was clearly needed. This report presents a current assessment of the status of chemistry and of the future opportunities in the field. This analysis contains: (1) an introductory chapter (establishing the need for the…

Summarizes the development of scientific and technological libraries and document centers in Bangladesh and describes the problems of acquiring scientific literature through purchase, gift, and exchange programs. The effectiveness of cooperative acquisition programs and international sources of document supply are examined, and plans for future…

Even at this early date in the application of biotechnology to agriculture, it is clear that agriculture may provide the largest market for new or less expensive biotechnologically manufactured products. The chemical and pharmaceutical industries that hold important positions in agricultural inputs are consolidating their positions by purchasing…