American universities today serve as economic engines, performing the scientific research that will create new industries, drive economic growth, and keep the United States globally competitive. But only a few decades ago, these same universities self-consciously held themselves apart from the world of commerce. "Creating the Market University" is…

Given the need to compete for sponsored research funding, do university faculty believe they retain the freedom to research what is of most interest to them? The higher education literature frequently asserts that faculty research agendas are being subjugated to the demands of sponsors. An alternate perspective, from the science studies…

Japan's postwar research and development (R&D) efforts have passed through several phases to bring the nation to what may be called "relative parity" with the United States. This document examines the characteristics of Japanese and U.S. R&D efforts. Topics compared include: national science resource patterns; science and…

Brief descriptions of the accomplishments of recent recipients of the National Medal of Science are provided. (CP)

The belief that "knowledge is most effectively pursued when disseminated without hindrance" began when science first took shape in early Greece. Its development during the Middle Ages and Renaissance is discussed (examining patenting innovation), ownership rights became more important as science became a means to power. (DH)

Access to new information, including basic research, has created competitive advantages in the pursuit of military, commercial, and other social goals and has influenced communication practices in science. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility has conducted a project to…

The Pimentel Report (formally titled "Opportunities in Chemistry") represents an unusually broad and deep consensus in the chemical community about the status of chemistry and areas along the chemical frontier ripe for scientific exploitation. Highlights from the report and an extensive executive summary are provided. (DH)

Viewpoints are expressed about the Whitehead Biomedical Research Institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and possible conflict of interest issues. (SK)

Discusses faculty research in community colleges. Describes the rationale; research approaches including literature research, theoretical investigation, and experimentation; funding sources; obstacles; and benefits of faculty research. Lists addresses of five resources. (YP)

Reviews the findings of the White House Science Council's survey of the condition of the United States university-research community. Indicates the problems that threaten the quality of academic research and outlines recommendations for its improvement. Funding changes, tax credits, and scholarships are among the panel's suggestions. (ML)

The National Science Foundation (NSF) annually collects and analyzes data on Federal obligations to individual universities and colleges for both science/engineering (S/E) and non-S/E activities. The survey data are submitted by the 15 Federal agencies with the largest programs in support of academic S/E activities and represent the only source of…

This report presents information summarizing changes in research and development resulting from the revised budget for the fiscal years 1981 and 1982 transmitted to the Congress by the President of the United States in March, 1981. Adjustments in the funding of research and development are summarized by major R&D agency, and Federal expenditures…

Discusses whether biotechnology commercial application will significantly inhibit the free flow of information traditional in academic environments. Background factors, crux of the concern, assessment, and current options are given. Although little evidence that industry-university collaboration has impaired academic molecular genetics exists,…

Describes less-publicized situations in the biological sciences concerning problems of openness and communication among scientists. Topics addressed include information networks and rules, international communications, balance of power within institutions and fields, openness to whom and on what terms, and scientists as experts. (DH)

The development, role, and current research in particle physics at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory are reviewed, including discussions of its mission to understand the structure of matter, a brief history of particle physics, and the nature and applications of superconductivity, among other topics. (JN)