Peer review has developed over time to become the established procedure for assessing and assuring the scientific quality of research. Nevertheless, the procedure has also been variously criticized as conservative, biased, and unfair, among other things. Do scientists regard all these flaws as equally problematic? Do they have the same opinions on…

Although many studies have shown that reviewers particularly value the feasibility of a proposed project, very little attention has gone to how applicants try to establish the plausibility of their proposal's realization. With a sample of 335 proposals, we examined the ways applicants reason the feasibility of their projects and the kinds of…

Pseudoscience is error, substantive or methodological, parading as science. Obvious examples are parapsychology, "intelligent design," and homeopathy. Psychoanalysis and pop evolutionary psychology are less obvious, yet no less flawed in both method and doctrine. The fact that science can be faked to the point of deceiving science lovers suggests…

Online systems can serve as new tools for scientific policy makers to review research proposals that require comparative assessment by providing an objective criterion for evaluating the previous work of a group and the timeliness and originality of a proposed project. Examples describe the evaluation process, a research team and a periodical.…

Presented is a discussion of the state of the art of internalist and externalist positions within the literature of sociology and philosophy of science. The research utilizes interviews with scientists from a variety of disciplines in the agricultural sciences, a review of publications, research educational guidelines, and formal organization of…

Describes a U.S.-Egyptian workshop for chemists held in Cairo to formulate research, development, and education projects between the two countries. (SL)

Discusses competing grant applications both new and renewal, including those for traditional grants (research projects initiated and conducted by individual investigators) and those for program project grants which support multidisciplinary efforts of a relatively large group of investigators. (Author/DS)

This document provides a complete listing of all National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sponsored research grants and contracts awarded to universities during fiscal year 1976. Listing includes contract number, institution name, project description, period, amount of contract, and principal investigator. (SL)