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Hill, Kathryn; McNamara, Tim – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2015
Those who work in second- and foreign-language testing often find Koretz's concern for validity inferences under high-stakes (VIHS) conditions both welcome and familiar. While the focus of the article is more narrowly on the potential for two instructional responses to test-based accountability, "reallocation" and "coaching,"…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Test Validity, High Stakes Tests, Inferences
Hale, Gordon A.; And Others – 1980
To ascertain how the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) would be affected if candidates had access to some of the items before administration of a test containing those items, a number of specially constructed TOEFL forms were made available to 945 foreign students in intensive English language programs. The students were later…
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, College Entrance Examinations, Educational Legislation, Foreign Students