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Bruno Arpino; Silvia Bacci; Leonardo Grilli; Raffaele Guetto; Carla Rampichini – Evaluation Review, 2025
We consider estimating the effect of a treatment on a given outcome measured on subjects tested both before and after treatment assignment in observational studies. A vast literature compares the competing approaches of modelling the post-test score conditionally on the pre-test score versus modelling the difference, namely, the gain score. Our…
Descriptors: Scores, Pretesting, Conditioning, Achievement Gains
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Stephen M. Leach; Jason C. Immekus; Jeffrey C. Valentine; Prathiba Batley; Dena Dossett; Tamara Lewis; Thomas Reece – Assessment for Effective Intervention, 2025
Educators commonly use school climate survey scores to inform and evaluate interventions for equitably improving learning and reducing educational disparities. Unfortunately, validity evidence to support these (and other) score uses often falls short. In response, Whitehouse et al. proposed a collaborative, two-part validity testing framework for…
Descriptors: School Surveys, Measurement, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Educational Environment
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F. Sehkar Fayda-Kinik; Munevver Cetin – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2025
Background: The unprecedented access to information in the 21st century entails a deep understanding of information and communication technology (ICT)-related factors in education and their impacts on learning and teaching. The role of attitudes towards ICT is a proven factor in student achievement. However, there is no consensus about the…
Descriptors: Information Technology, Technology Uses in Education, Academic Achievement, Secondary Education