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Emma Bruce; Karen Dunn; Tony Clark – Language Testing, 2025
Several high-stakes English proficiency tests including but not limited to IELTS, PTE Academic, and TOEFL iBT recommend a 2-year time limit on validity for score usage. Although this timeframe provides a useful rule-of-thumb for the recency of testing, it can have far-reaching consequences. In response to stakeholder queries around IELTS validity…
Descriptors: High Stakes Tests, Language Tests, Test Validity, Scores
Laura Schildt; Bart Deygers; Albert Weideman – Language Testing, 2024
In the context of policy-driven language testing for citizenship, a growing body of research examines the political justifications and ethical implications of language requirements and test use. However, virtually no studies have looked at the role that language testers play in the evolution of language requirements. Critical gaps remain in our…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Citizenship, Educational Policy, Assessment Literacy
Okim Kang; Xun Yan; Maria Kostromitina; Ron Thomson; Talia Isaacs – Language Testing, 2024
This study aimed to answer an ongoing validity question related to the use of nonstandard English accents in international tests of English proficiency and associated issues of test fairness. More specifically, we examined (1) the extent to which different or shared English accents had an impact on listeners' performances on the Duolingo listening…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Nonstandard Dialects
Khaled Barkaoui – Language Testing, 2025
English-medium universities often accept scores from various English language proficiency (ELP) tests as evidence of ELP from non-English background students. This practice raises the question of how these tests compare in terms of their ability to predict academic achievement. This longitudinal study addresses this question by examining the…
Descriptors: English Learners, English (Second Language), Language Proficiency, Language Tests
Ramsey L. Cardwell; Steven W. Nydick; J.R. Lockwood; Alina A. von Davier – Language Testing, 2024
Applicants must often demonstrate adequate English proficiency when applying to postsecondary institutions by taking an English language proficiency test, such as the TOEFL iBT, IELTS Academic, or Duolingo English Test (DET). Concordance tables aim to provide equivalent scores across multiple assessments, helping admissions officers to make fair…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Language Proficiency
Ying Xu; Xiaodong Li; Jin Chen – Language Testing, 2025
This article provides a detailed review of the Computer-based English Listening Speaking Test (CELST) used in Guangdong, China, as part of the National Matriculation English Test (NMET) to assess students' English proficiency. The CELST measures listening and speaking skills as outlined in the "English Curriculum for Senior Middle…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Listening Comprehension Tests
Knoch, Ute; Deygers, Bart; Khamboonruang, Apichat – Language Testing, 2021
Rating scale development in the field of language assessment is often considered in dichotomous ways: It is assumed to be guided either by expert intuition or by drawing on performance data. Even though quite a few authors have argued that rating scale development is rarely so easily classifiable, this dyadic view has dominated language testing…
Descriptors: Rating Scales, Test Construction, Language Tests, Test Use
Pearson, William S. – Language Testing, 2023
Many candidates undertaking high-stakes English language proficiency tests for academic enrolment do not achieve the results they need for reasons including linguistic unreadiness, test unpreparedness, illness, an unfavourable configuration of tasks, or administrative and marking errors. Owing to the importance of meeting goals or out of a belief…
Descriptors: High Stakes Tests, English (Second Language), Language Proficiency, Language Tests
Daniel R. Isbell; Dustin Crowther; Hitoshi Nishizawa – Language Testing, 2024
The extrapolation of test scores to a target domain - that is, association between test performances and relevant real-world outcomes - is critical to valid score interpretation and use. This study examined the relationship between Duolingo English Test (DET) speaking scores and university stakeholders' evaluation of DET speaking performances. A…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Language Tests, Higher Education, Stakeholders
Yu-Tzu Chang; Ann Tai Choe; Daniel Holden; Daniel R. Isbell – Language Testing, 2024
In this Brief Report, we describe an evaluation of and revisions to a rubric adapted from the Jacobs et al.'s (1981) ESL COMPOSITION PROFILE, with four rubric categories and 20-point rating scales, in the context of an intensive English program writing placement test. Analysis of 4 years of rating data (2016-2021, including 434 essays) using…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Rating Scales, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language)
Farshad Effatpanah; Purya Baghaei; Mona Tabatabaee-Yazdi; Esmat Babaii – Language Testing, 2025
This study aimed to propose a new method for scoring C-Tests as measures of general language proficiency. In this approach, the unit of analysis is sentences rather than gaps or passages. That is, the gaps correctly reformulated in each sentence were aggregated as sentence score, and then each sentence was entered into the analysis as a polytomous…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Language Tests, Test Items, Test Construction
Jeffrey Stewart; Henrik Gyllstad; Christopher Nicklin; Stuart McLean – Language Testing, 2024
The purpose of this paper is to (a) establish whether meaning recall and meaning recognition item formats test psychometrically distinct constructs of vocabulary knowledge which measure separate skills, and, if so, (b) determine whether each construct possesses unique properties predictive of L2 reading proficiency. Factor analyses and…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Psychometrics, Language Tests, Recall (Psychology)
Alpizar, David; Li, Tongyun; Norris, John M.; Gu, Lixiong – Language Testing, 2023
The C-test is a type of gap-filling test designed to efficiently measure second language proficiency. The typical C-test consists of several short paragraphs with the second half of every second word deleted. The words with deleted parts are considered as items nested within the corresponding paragraph. Given this testlet structure, it is commonly…
Descriptors: Psychometrics, Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Test Items
Bowles, Melissa A. – Language Testing, 2022
This study details the development of a local test designed to place university Spanish students (n = 719) into one of the four different course levels and to distinguish between traditional L2 learners and early bilinguals on the basis of their linguistic knowledge, regardless of the variety of Spanish they were exposed to. Early bilinguals…
Descriptors: College Students, Student Placement, Placement Tests, Second Language Learning
Warnby, Marcus; Malmström, Hans; Hansen, Kajsa Yang – Language Testing, 2023
The academic section of the Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT-Ac) and the Academic Vocabulary Test (AVT) both assess meaning-recognition knowledge of written receptive academic vocabulary, deemed central for engagement in academic activities. Depending on the purpose and context of the testing, either of the tests can be appropriate, but for research…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Scores, Written Language, Receptive Language