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Download full textDorans, Neil J. – ETS Research Report Series, 2018
A distinction is made between scores as measures of a construct and predictions of a criterion or outcome variable. The interpretation attached to predictions of criteria, such as job performance or college grade point average (GPA), differs from that attached to scores that are measures of a construct, such as reading proficiency or knowledge…
Descriptors: Job Performance, Scores, Data Interpretation, Statistical Distributions
Livingston, Samuel A.; Chen, Haiwen H. – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
Quantitative information about test score reliability can be presented in terms of the distribution of equated scores on an alternate form of the test for test takers with a given score on the form taken. In this paper, we describe a procedure for estimating that distribution, for any specified score on the test form taken, by estimating the joint…
Descriptors: Scores, Statistical Distributions, Research Reports, Equated Scores
Kim, Sooyeon; Moses, Tim; Yoo, Hanwook Henry – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
The purpose of this inquiry was to investigate the effectiveness of item response theory (IRT) proficiency estimators in terms of estimation bias and error under multistage testing (MST). We chose a 2-stage MST design in which 1 adaptation to the examinees' ability levels takes place. It includes 4 modules (1 at Stage 1, 3 at Stage 2) and 3 paths…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Computation, Statistical Bias, Error of Measurement
Direct linkBramley, Tom – Research in Mathematics Education, 2017
This study compared models of assessment structure for achieving differentiation across the range of examinee attainment in the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination taken by 16-year-olds in England. The focus was on the "adjacent levels" model, where papers are targeted at three specific non-overlapping ranges of…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Mathematics Education, Student Certification, Student Evaluation
Quesen, Sarah – ProQuest LLC, 2016
When studying differential item functioning (DIF) with students with disabilities (SWD) focal groups typically suffer from small sample size, whereas the reference group population is usually large. This makes it possible for a researcher to select a sample from the reference population to be similar to the focal group on the ability scale. Doing…
Descriptors: Test Items, Academic Accommodations (Disabilities), Testing Accommodations, Disabilities
Oh, Hyeonjoo J.; Guo, Hongwen; Walker, Michael E. – ETS Research Report Series, 2009
Issues of equity and fairness across subgroups of the population (e.g., gender or ethnicity) must be seriously considered in any standardized testing program. For this reason, many testing programs require some means for assessing test characteristics, such as reliability, for subgroups of the population. However, often only small sample sizes are…
Descriptors: Standardized Tests, Test Reliability, Sample Size, Bayesian Statistics
