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Direct linkWu, Wei; West, Stephen G.; Hughes, Jan N. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2010
In a 4-year longitudinal study, the authors investigated effects of retention in first grade on children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors; social acceptance; and behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement. From a large multiethnic sample (n = 784) of children below the median on literacy at school entrance, 124 retained children…
Descriptors: Grade Repetition, Longitudinal Studies, Behavior Problems, Self Efficacy
