This study uses the PIAAC data to examine the relationships between education system characteristics (e.g. early tracking and vocational education orientation) and distributions of adult numeracy skills. It also investigates the effects of postponing the tracking age and easing university access for students on a vocational track on the average…

The purpose of this investigation was to examine historical changes in aptitude scores. Recent literature suggesting a decline in the quality of the U.S. workforce is reviewed, and an expectation that score distributions on aptitude tests have shifted in a negative direction is presented. Archival analyses of normative data for the Short…