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Polat, Murat – International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 2022
Foreign language testing is a multi-dimensional phenomenon and obtaining objective and error-free scores on learners' language skills is often problematic. While assessing foreign language performance on high-stakes tests, using different testing approaches including Classical Test Theory (CTT), Generalizability Theory (GT) and/or Item Response…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Item Response Theory, Language Tests
Cho, Sun-Joo; Preacher, Kristopher J. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2016
Multilevel modeling (MLM) is frequently used to detect cluster-level group differences in cluster randomized trial and observational studies. Group differences on the outcomes (posttest scores) are detected by controlling for the covariate (pretest scores) as a proxy variable for unobserved factors that predict future attributes. The pretest and…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Error Correction, Multivariate Analysis, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Culpepper, Steven Andrew – Applied Psychological Measurement, 2013
A classic topic in the fields of psychometrics and measurement has been the impact of the number of scale categories on test score reliability. This study builds on previous research by further articulating the relationship between item response theory (IRT) and classical test theory (CTT). Equations are presented for comparing the reliability and…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Reliability, Scores, Error of Measurement
Woodruff, David; Traynor, Anne; Cui, Zhongmin; Fang, Yu – ACT, Inc., 2013
Professional standards for educational testing recommend that both the overall standard error of measurement and the conditional standard error of measurement (CSEM) be computed on the score scale used to report scores to examinees. Several methods have been developed to compute scale score CSEMs. This paper compares three methods, based on…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Error of Measurement, Scores, Scaling
Bristow, M.; Erkorkmaz, K.; Huissoon, J. P.; Jeon, Soo; Owen, W. S.; Waslander, S. L.; Stubley, G. D. – IEEE Transactions on Education, 2012
Any meaningful initiative to improve the teaching and learning in introductory control systems courses needs a clear test of student conceptual understanding to determine the effectiveness of proposed methods and activities. The authors propose a control systems concept inventory. Development of the inventory was collaborative and iterative. The…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Concept Formation, Undergraduate Students, Engineering Education
Parker, Richard I.; Vannest, Kimberly J.; Davis, John L.; Clemens, Nathan H. – Journal of Special Education, 2012
Within a response to intervention model, educators increasingly use progress monitoring (PM) to support medium- to high-stakes decisions for individual students. For PM to serve these more demanding decisions requires more careful consideration of measurement error. That error should be calculated within a fixed linear regression model rather than…
Descriptors: Measurement, Computation, Response to Intervention, Regression (Statistics)
Kane, Michael – Educational Testing Service, 2010
The 12th annual William H. Angoff Memorial Lecture was presented by Dr. Michael T. Kane, ETS's (Educational Testing Service) Samuel J. Messick Chair in Test Validity and the former Director of Research at the National Conference of Bar Examiners. Dr. Kane argues that it is important for policymakers to recognize the impact of errors of measurement…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Scores, Public Policy, Test Theory

Humphreys, Lloyd G. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1996
The reliability of a gain is determined by the reliabilities of the components, the correlation between them, and their standard deviations. Reliability is not inherently low, but the components of gains in many investigations make low reliability likely and require caution in the use of gain scores. (SLD)
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Change, Correlation, Error of Measurement

Williams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W. – Applied Psychological Measurement, 1996
The critiques by L. Collins and L. Humphreys in this issue illustrate problems with the use of gain scores. Collins' examples show that familiar formulas for the reliability of differences do not reflect the precision of measures of change. Additional examples demonstrate flaws in the conventional approach to reliability. (SLD)
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Change, Correlation, Error of Measurement

Traub, Ross E. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 1997
Classical test theory is founded on the proposition that measurement error, a random latent variable, is a component of the observed score random variable. This article traces the history of the development of classical test theory, beginning in the early 20th century. (SLD)
Descriptors: Educational History, Educational Testing, Error of Measurement, Psychometrics

Glutting, Joseph J.; And Others – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1987
This paper discusses the basic theory underlying confidence limits and presents reasons why psychologists should incorporate confidence ranges in their psychodiagnostic reports. Four methods for establishing confidence limits are compared. Three of the methods involve estimated true scores, and the fourth is the standard error of measurement…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Mathematical Formulas, Psychological Evaluation, Scores

Jarjoura, David – Psychometrika, 1983
The problem of predicting universe scores for samples of examinees based on their responses to samples of items is treated. The measurement model categorizes items according to the cells of a table of test specifications, and the linear function derived for minimizing error variance in prediction uses responses to these categories. (Author/JKS)
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Generalizability Theory, Item Sampling, Prediction

Zimmerman, Donald W.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Education, 1981
Reliability coefficients of linear combinations of observed scores have anomalous properties which have led to difficulties in the investigation of difference scores and gain scores in test theory. Discrepancies between classical results and correct results obtained from more general formulas, which allow for correlated errors, are examined…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Mathematical Formulas, Mathematical Models, Scores
Haberman, Shelby J. – ETS Research Report Series, 2005
In educational tests, subscores are often generated from a portion of the items in a larger test. Guidelines based on mean-squared error are proposed to indicate whether subscores are worth reporting. Alternatives considered are direct reports of subscores, estimates of subscores based on total score, combined estimates based on subscores and…
Descriptors: Scores, Test Items, Error of Measurement, Computation

Stevens, Joseph J.; Aleamoni, Lawrence, M. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1986
Prior standardization of scores when an aggregate score is formed has been criticized. This article presents a demonstration of the effects of differential weighting of aggregate components that clarifies the need for prior standardization. The role of standardization in statistics and the use of aggregate scores in research are discussed.…
Descriptors: Correlation, Error of Measurement, Factor Analysis, Raw Scores
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