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Oliver Lüdtke; Alexander Robitzsch – Journal of Experimental Education, 2025
There is a longstanding debate on whether the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or the change score approach is more appropriate when analyzing non-experimental longitudinal data. In this article, we use a structural modeling perspective to clarify that the ANCOVA approach is based on the assumption that all relevant covariates are measured (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Longitudinal Studies, Error of Measurement, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
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John R. Donoghue; Carol Eckerly – Applied Measurement in Education, 2024
Trend scoring constructed response items (i.e. rescoring Time A responses at Time B) gives rise to two-way data that follow a product multinomial distribution rather than the multinomial distribution that is usually assumed. Recent work has shown that the difference in sampling model can have profound negative effects on statistics usually used to…
Descriptors: Scoring, Error of Measurement, Reliability, Scoring Rubrics
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Emma Somer; Carl Falk; Milica Miocevic – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2024
Factor Score Regression (FSR) is increasingly employed as an alternative to structural equation modeling (SEM) in small samples. Despite its popularity in psychology, the performance of FSR in multigroup models with small samples remains relatively unknown. The goal of this study was to examine the performance of FSR, namely Croon's correction and…
Descriptors: Scores, Structural Equation Models, Comparative Analysis, Sample Size
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Adam Sales; Ethan Prhiar; Thanaporn March Patikorn – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2021
In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), some subjects assigned to the treatment condition may not fully comply. Often there is interest in the effect of the treatment within the "principal stratum" of subjects who would comply if assigned to treatment. However, it is unknown which control subjects would have complied if treated and which…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Scores, Probability, Statistical Analysis
Shear, Benjamin R.; Reardon, Sean F. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2021
This article describes an extension to the use of heteroskedastic ordered probit (HETOP) models to estimate latent distributional parameters from grouped, ordered-categorical data by pooling across multiple waves of data. We illustrate the method with aggregate proficiency data reporting the number of students in schools or districts scoring in…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Computation, Regression (Statistics), Sample Size
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Nguyen, Trang Quynh; Stuart, Elizabeth A. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2020
We address measurement error bias in propensity score (PS) analysis due to covariates that are latent variables. In the setting where latent covariate X is measured via multiple error-prone items W, PS analysis using several proxies for X--the W items themselves, a summary score (mean/sum of the items), or the conventional factor score (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Statistical Bias, Error Correction, Probability
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Nazari, Sanaz; Leite, Walter L.; Huggins-Manley, A. Corinne – Journal of Experimental Education, 2023
The piecewise latent growth models (PWLGMs) can be used to study changes in the growth trajectory of an outcome due to an event or condition, such as exposure to an intervention. When there are multiple outcomes of interest, a researcher may choose to fit a series of PWLGMs or a single parallel-process PWLGM. A comparison of these models is…
Descriptors: Growth Models, Statistical Analysis, Intervention, Comparative Analysis
Greifer, Noah – ProQuest LLC, 2018
There has been some research in the use of propensity scores in the context of measurement error in the confounding variables; one recommended method is to generate estimates of the mis-measured covariate using a latent variable model, and to use those estimates (i.e., factor scores) in place of the covariate. I describe a simulation study…
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods, Probability, Scores, Statistical Analysis
Shear, Benjamin R.; Reardon, Sean F. – Stanford Center for Education Policy Analysis, 2019
This paper describes a method for pooling grouped, ordered-categorical data across multiple waves to improve small-sample heteroskedastic ordered probit (HETOP) estimates of latent distributional parameters. We illustrate the method with aggregate proficiency data reporting the number of students in schools or districts scoring in each of a small…
Descriptors: Computation, Scores, Statistical Distributions, Sample Size
Oranje, Andreas; Kolstad, Andrew – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2019
The design and psychometric methodology of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is constantly evolving to meet the changing interests and demands stemming from a rapidly shifting educational landscape. NAEP has been built on strong research foundations that include conducting extensive evaluations and comparisons before new…
Descriptors: National Competency Tests, Psychometrics, Statistical Analysis, Computation
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Stallasch, Sophie E.; Lüdtke, Oliver; Artelt, Cordula; Brunner, Martin – Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2021
To plan cluster-randomized trials with sufficient statistical power to detect intervention effects on student achievement, researchers need multilevel design parameters, including measures of between-classroom and between-school differences and the amounts of variance explained by covariates at the student, classroom, and school level. Previous…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Randomized Controlled Trials, Intervention, Educational Research
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Hsiao, Yu-Yu; Kwok, Oi-Man; Lai, Mark H. C. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2018
Path models with observed composites based on multiple items (e.g., mean or sum score of the items) are commonly used to test interaction effects. Under this practice, researchers generally assume that the observed composites are measured without errors. In this study, we reviewed and evaluated two alternative methods within the structural…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Testing, Scores, Models
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Wang, Jianjun; Ma, Xin – Athens Journal of Education, 2019
This rejoinder keeps the original focus on statistical computing pertaining to the correlation of student achievement between mathematics and science from the Trend in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Albeit the availability of student performance data in TIMSS and the emphasis of the inter-subject connection in the Next Generation Science…
Descriptors: Scores, Correlation, Achievement Tests, Elementary Secondary Education
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Hidalgo, Ma Dolores; Benítez, Isabel; Padilla, Jose-Luis; Gómez-Benito, Juana – Sociological Methods & Research, 2017
The growing use of scales in survey questionnaires warrants the need to address how does polytomous differential item functioning (DIF) affect observed scale score comparisons. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of DIF on the type I error and effect size of the independent samples t-test on the observed total scale scores. A…
Descriptors: Test Items, Test Bias, Item Response Theory, Surveys
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Lane, David; Oswald, Frederick L. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2016
The educational literature, the popular press, and educated laypeople have all echoed a conclusion from the book "Academically Adrift" by Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa (which has now become received wisdom), namely, that 45% of college students showed no significant gains in critical thinking skills. Similar results were reported by…
Descriptors: College Students, Critical Thinking, Thinking Skills, Statistical Analysis
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