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Adam Sales; Ethan Prhiar; Thanaporn March Patikorn – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2021
In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), some subjects assigned to the treatment condition may not fully comply. Often there is interest in the effect of the treatment within the "principal stratum" of subjects who would comply if assigned to treatment. However, it is unknown which control subjects would have complied if treated and which…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Scores, Probability, Statistical Analysis
Isaac M. Opper – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2021
Researchers often include covariates when they analyze the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), valuing the increased precision of the estimates over the potential of inducing small-sample bias when doing so. In this paper, we develop a sufficient condition which ensures that the inclusion of covariates does not cause small-sample bias…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Sample Size, Statistical Bias, Artificial Intelligence