For English as a Second Language (ESL) students or English Language Learners (ELLs), the use of various adverbial clauses was summarized and illustrated of comparison, concession, condition, degree, manner, place, proportion, purpose, reason (or cause), result, and time, including the non-finite clauses, some prepositions, and prepositional…

A technique for helping English-as-a-Second-Language students learn to write accurate paraphrases and summaries, free from personal interpretation, is described. Students first read, in pairs, a paragraph that has a main idea and requires some inferential thinking, especially about the tone and/or purpose. After a specific period of time, students…

This is the first in a series of self-instructional modules dealing with common English idioms, and is intended for use in the learning of English as a foreign language. The idioms were selected for frequency and usage in up-to-date usage in North America. The situations in which the idioms appear are in authentic conversational English, many of…

The guide to "false friends," or false cognates, in German and English is designed such that it can be used as either an instructional tool or a reference guide. An introductory section defines false friends and discusses different types, and provides a set of symbols for distinguishing them. The first major section lists, alphabetically…

The second guide to "false friends," or false cognates, in German and English lists and discusses more difficult terms than the first guide. An introductory section defines false friends and discusses different types, and provides a set of symbols for distinguishing them. The first major section lists, alphabetically in German, and…

A "gambit" is any of the hundreds of brief, idiomatic rejoinders, rhetorical phrases, or comments that are essential to fluent conversation. This textbook fosters familiarity with such phrases in English by encouraging their use in the carrying out of a series of provocative class exercises, including a handwriting analysis and a "love test."…

A supplementary reader and skits for a basic course in Persian are presented that are designed for use in the Defense Language Institute's intensive programs for native English language speakers. The collection of skits is written about everyday activities of the Persian people. The places and situations, as well as the language, have been chosen…

A glossary and notes that accompany an advanced reading text for a basic course in Persian are presented. The course is an intensive program for native English speakers offered by the Defense Language Institute. Idiomatic phrases and sentence structures are explained and special grammar and cultural notes are included. A number of lexical items…

Seven articles by Mochtar Lubis, an Indonesian writer, are presented in this supplemental reader for the use of United States military personnel studying Bahasa Indonesian. Lubis reveals his impressions of major United States cities and their people. The text, used with Volumes XIV and XV of the Basic Course for four weeks of the advanced phase,…

This student workbook and teacher's guide are for a vocational English-as-a-Second-Languge (VESL) course designed to prepare limited-English-speaking students for vocational training programs in industrial and technical fields. The curriculum focuses on the general technical English most critical in making the transition from…

The second of three volumes of an intergrated course in intermediate Persian is presented. This volume encompasses material appropriate for students entering the second year of Persian studies who have strong preparation in elementary Persian. Verbal skills should be on a level which will allow comprehensive discussion of a topic using simple,…

Seven everyday topics are discussed in Basa Djarkarta, a dialect of Malay spoken in Djarkarta by over three million people. The purpose of the reading text, part of the basic course in Indonesian for official United States military personnel, is to acquaint students with this increasingly popular dialect in addition to Bahasa Indonesian, the…

This module contains a number of explanations and activities on appropriate phrases and intonation for telephone communication. The parts of the module cover the following: (1) telephone vocabulary, (2) parts of the telephone, (3) standard phrases used in all calls, (4) activities that occur in business calls, (5) speech communication problems…

A supplement is presented to volumes one, two, and three of a basic course in Persian that is designed for use in the Defense Language Institute's intensive programs for native English speakers. Part one introduces the student to a phonemic transcription which is derived from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Part two applies the modified…

The learning activities contained in this booklet are designed to help students of Spanish learn to use Spanish personal names approximately in a variety of situations. The first section outlines common titles of address for men and women, lists popular feminine and masculine first names, discusses compound names, lists common Spanish family…