Proposes use of target situation analysis (TSA) as means of removing superfluous terminology and establishing different levels of need in order to realize value of needs analysis in ESP. TSA goes into situations, collects and analyzes data to establish the communication that occurs. (Author/BK)

Presents the results of a survey of differences between perceived academic needs of scholars from the People's Republic of China preparing to go abroad and those who have been in their host country for at least six months. Discusses the implications of these differences for curriculum planners of language training programs. (SED)

Discusses basic skills training for refugees and the use of a work setting laboratory (WSL). A WSL provides a situation that produces a need to use the English language and communication skills that have earlier been introduced in a classroom setting and a chance to experience cultural points in action. (SED)

Discusses how to use various sources of information such as reference books, vocational education materials, job site observations, and vocational instructors to develop an occupation-specific vocational English-as-a-second-language program. Suggests how to organize this information into content areas and language requirements. (SED)

Describes two approaches to teaching vocational English as a second language: (1) describing work activities in terms of processes and procedures and (2) describing work activities in terms of specific human behaviors. Suggests a goal analysis as an initial step before deciding which approach to take in any training project. (SED)