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Kara Moranski – Modern Language Journal, 2025
Domestic immersion (DI) is an effective context for postsecondary language learning, given that DI's instructor-curated environments promote meaningful second language use while providing abundant support for learners. However, DI is at present understudied within second language acquisition research, especially when compared to its more…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Spanish Speaking, Oral Language
Jifeng Wu; Xiaofei Lu; Renfen Hu; Yun Lin; Fengkai Liu – Modern Language Journal, 2025
The adjustment of syntactic and phraseological complexity is a key consideration in text adaptation. However, research on this topic in the context of Chinese as a second language (CSL) remains limited. Using 700 CSL reading texts graded following the newly issued Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education,…
Descriptors: Syntax, Phrase Structure, Grading, Standards
Olesya Kisselev; Mihail Kopotev; Anton Vakhranev – Modern Language Journal, 2025
Lexical proficiency in a second language (L2) has long been effectively assessed through the measurement of various lexical indices, or textual characteristics that act as observable indicators of such conceptual categories as lexical richness, diversity, sophistication, and fluency. While many studies have established links between these lexical…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Russian, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Minjin Kim; Xiaofei Lu – Modern Language Journal, 2024
The effects of learner- and task-related variables on second language (L2) writing syntactic complexity (SC) have been extensively investigated. However, previous research has rarely assessed the reliability of computational tools for analyzing the SC of L2 spoken production, and we know less about the effects of such variables on L2 speaking SC.…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Syntax, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Botes, Elouise; Dewaele, Jean-Marc; Greiff, Samuel – Modern Language Journal, 2022
Emotions in foreign language (FL) learning have become an increasingly popular research avenue in applied linguistics. Such research is often carried out using linear correlational or regression methods, which are limited in the extent to which they can depict interrelations. In this study, we aimed to reexamine the relationships between the…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Self Concept, Correlation, Second Language Learning
Tripp Strawbridge – Modern Language Journal, 2025
Study abroad (SA) is touted for providing language learners with regular exposure to a second language (L2) in naturalistic settings. However, few studies have examined how interaction occurs in situ. This study analyzed 13 hours of naturalistic dyadic conversations self-recorded by 15 US-based undergraduate sojourners studying abroad for one…
Descriptors: Native Speakers, Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Intercultural Communication
Martin, Ines A. – Modern Language Journal, 2020
Even though there is ample evidence that pronunciation plays a crucial role in effective second language (L2) communication, pronunciation training is frequently neglected in L2 classrooms due to time constraints or because instructors do not feel adequately prepared to teach pronunciation. To address this discrepancy, the present study…
Descriptors: Pronunciation, Homework, Second Language Instruction, Instructional Effectiveness
Tavakoli, Parvaneh; Nakatsuhara, Fumiyo; Hunter, Ann-Marie – Modern Language Journal, 2020
Recent research in second language acquisition suggests that a number of speed, breakdown, repair, and composite measures reliably assess fluency and predict proficiency. However, there is little research evidence to indicate which measures best characterize fluency at each assessed level of proficiency and which can consistently distinguish one…
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Language Proficiency, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
McManus, Kevin; Marsden, Emma – Modern Language Journal, 2019
This study advances previous research about the effects of explicit instruction on second language (L2) development by examining learners' use of verbal morphology following different types of explicit information (EI) and comprehension practice. We investigated the extent to which additional EI about the first language (L1) can reduce the effects…
Descriptors: Direct Instruction, Teaching Methods, Second Language Instruction, Oral Language
Wu, Jingxuan; Roever, Carsten – Modern Language Journal, 2021
This study investigates second language (L2) interactional competence in Mandarin Chinese, with a specific focus on dispreference organization in refusals. Twenty-eight L2 Chinese learners at 3 proficiency levels (A2, B1, and B2) and 10 native speakers each participated in 3 role plays. We found that learners at different levels clearly differed…
Descriptors: Language Proficiency, Preferences, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Kennedy Terry, Kristen M. – Modern Language Journal, 2022
This longitudinal study of 17 American learners of French lies at the intersection of 2 complementary fields of inquiry in second language acquisition (SLA): language variation and change (LVC) and language acquisition during study abroad. Studies in LVC examine the nature and use of linguistic features that have more than 1 possible realization…
Descriptors: Social Networks, Study Abroad, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Qin, Lili; Ouyang, Xibei; Ren, Wei – Modern Language Journal, 2023
Concept-based language instruction (C-BLI) is a pedagogy guided by sociocultural theory, which has been shown to be effective in facilitating second language learning. Typical activities include materialization by using a schema for a complete orienting basis of an action (SCOBA) and languaging, through which learners' internalization of…
Descriptors: Verbs, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Comer, William J. – Modern Language Journal, 2023
This study explores the lexical profile of essays written by 48 advanced learners of second language (L2) Russian who participated in the Russian Overseas Flagship, an intensive year-long study abroad program designed to help students reach Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) Level 3 proficiency in all skills. Using the lexical frequency profile…
Descriptors: Advanced Students, Writing Skills, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Kisselev, Olesya; Soyan, Rossina; Pastushenkov, Dmitrii; Merrill, Jason – Modern Language Journal, 2022
Linguistic complexity serves as an important measure of second language (L2) writing development. Complexity indices, however, rarely feature in the studies of learner languages other than English. Additionally, L2 writing studies have been criticized for the lack of consistency in defining proficiency. The current study addresses these gaps by…
Descriptors: Russian, Computational Linguistics, Teaching Methods, Second Language Learning
Kao, Yu-Ting – Modern Language Journal, 2023
Language teachers are expected to engage in classroom assessment practices and report on learners' progress aligned with proficiency standards, as well as prepare learners for external examinations. The term "language assessment literacy" (LAL) describes what the constituency of language instructors needs to know about assessment…
Descriptors: Preservice Teachers, Teacher Education Programs, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning