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Bruce, Nigel J. – 1989
Instruction in English for academic purposes can be enhanced by an approach using metadiscourse, or an awareness of the operations of discourse. Student competence in this area would improve the ability to appreciate the strategies of academic writers, describe the arguments of others, and write academic essays, particularly introductions. In…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Discourse Analysis, Educational Strategies, English for Academic Purposes

Haynes, Laurie Ann – Issues in Applied Linguistics, 1992
Investigates target language variability between speaking and writing in the second language acquisition of non-native English speakers. Results reveal that as narrators advance in English proficiency, they develop more abstract content and reported style in speech and writing and that speech and writing become more interactive. (28 references)…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Processes, Data Analysis, Discourse Analysis