Collaboration in peer interaction has been investigated extensively by analysing language-related episodes (LREs). These have been classified variously depending on the nature of the discourse. Most studies of collaboration in peer interaction have thus tended to adopt a predetermined framework for analysis. Meanwhile, task type as a mediating…

This is an action research report about the making of three dialogic learners, Cindy, Yori, and Leo at an arts-oriented university in China. It draws inspiration from Gao's dialogical communicator (2014), which is constructed on Bakhtin's dialogic theory (1981). These students, with their struggles and efforts, will hopefully become open-minded…

Often, second/foreign (L2) language learners receive little opportunity to interact orally in the target language. Interactive, conversation-based spoken dialog systems (SDSs) that use automated speech recognition and natural language processing have the potential to address this need by engaging learners in meaningful, goal-oriented speaking…

This volume of the basic course in Guarani (the indigenous language of Paraguay) contains the core stage, or class-instructional phase, of the ten units presented in Volume One. These units contain explanations, exercises, dialogues, various types of pattern drills, suggestions for games and communication activities, and various types of…

This book contains the core of the Dari language instructional program developed by the Foreign Service Institute. Most of the sentences and exercises in the lessons are presented in the Persian script; the spelling represents the actual pronunciation of colloquial Dari. Each lesson includes a set of basic sentences and drills, vocabulary lists,…

These instructional materials for the Defense Language Institute's Chinese-Mandarin Basic Course include the following: (1) "Dictionary Drill"; (2) "Dictation Materials"; (3) "Character Flash Cards for the Basic Course, Lessons 16-124, Cards 1-52"; (4) "Character Flash Cards for the Basic Course, Lessons 125-279, Cards 53-97"; (5) "Basic Dialogues…

This volume, the first of two, contains 25 units of work; the first 24 units present new material and the last unit is a review. A portion of each unit is presented through programming, that is, information is given in a controlled sequence of steps so that the student may proceed at his or her own rate. Units 1-10 are largely geared to…

The lack of authentic, real-world interaction practice in the English as a second language (ESL) classroom is described and discussed, and the ways in which dialogue journals answer this classroom need are detailed. A dialogue journal is an interactive, self-generated, cumulative and functional writing and reading exchange between teacher and…

This volume, containing units 26-48, completes the Portuguese Programmatic Course. The odd-numbered units present the grammatical features not covered in Volume One in a programmed format. The even numbered units contain dialogs, substitution drills, practice with irregular verb forms, and exercises geared to vocabulary expansion. The…

The fourth of 20 volumes of lessons designed for use in a full-time, intensive training program in Arabic is presented. Each lesson deals with grammatical patterns and vocabulary through explanations, vocabulary lists, dialogues, audiolingual drills, and question-answer and free oral expression exercises. A review lesson is included after every…

The fifth of 20 volumes of lessons designed for use in a full-time, intensive training program in Arabic is presented. Each lesson deals with grammatical patterns and vocabulary through explanations, vocabulary lists, dialogues, audiolingual drills, and question-answer and free oral expression exercises. A review lesson is included after every…

The sixth of 20 volumes of lessons designed for use in a full-time, intensive training program in Arabic is presented. Each lesson deals with grammatical patterns and vocabulary through explanations, vocabulary lists, dialogues, audiolingual drills, and question-answer and free oral expression exercises. A review lesson is included after every…

The eighth of 20 volumes of lessons designed for use in a full-time, intensive training program in Arabic is presented. Each lesson deals with grammatical patterns and vocabulary through explanations, vocabulary lists, dialogues, audiolingual drills, and question-answer and free oral expression exercises. A review lesson is included after every…

The ninth of 20 volumes of lessons designed for use in a full-time, intensive training program in Arabic is presented. Each lesson presents grammatical patterns and vocabulary through explanations, vocabulary lists, dialogues, audiolingual drills, and question-answer and free oral expression exercises. A review lesson is included after every four…

The eleventh of 20 volumes of lessons designed for use in a full-time, intensive training program in Arabic is presented. Each lesson deals with grammatical patterns and vocabulary through explanations, vocabulary lists, dialogues, audiolingual drills, and question-answer and free oral expression exercises. A review lesson is included after every…