Collaborative writing (CW) involves two or more students writing a single text together. Previous studies mainly focused on students' cognitive engagement in CW and investigated their attention to various language-related problems during task interaction. However, little CW research to date has considered that engagement in language-related…

Researchers have firm reason to unlock the potential of social networking technologies today because of the rapid development of these platforms, which may be used to enhance educational outcomes. Despite the widespread recognition of social media's influence on the second/foreign language learning process, few empirical research has attempted to…

This paper is concerned with the integration of informal language learning into university language modules in a foreign language environment. It begins by exploring the evolving nature of formal and informal language learning. This is followed by analysis of a pedagogic innovation intended to integrate foreign language activities in an informal…

As artificial intelligence (AI) gains prominence, its integration into second language (L2)/foreign language (FL) instruction has become a significant trend. Despite the considerable promise of AI for L2/FL learning, more research is still needed on its effects on student academic engagement in literature classes and the corresponding emotional…

Motivation is repeatedly found to be a determining factor for achievement in language acquisition at school. Decades of Self-determination theory (SDT) research has shown that students exhibit higher levels of engagement and positive learning behaviours when their basic psychological needs of competence, autonomy and relatedness are satisfied,…

Student engagement research in the field of English language teaching (ELT) has substantially increased in recent years. However, there is a research gap concerning the up-to-date analysis of the current state of student engagement research in ELT. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution of trends in…

Artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly impacted education, yet its influence on Chinese language education remains underexplored. This study investigates the distinct latent profiles of Chinese as a foreign language learners in Malaysia regarding their beliefs and engagement in AI-assisted Chinese learning. Using latent profile analysis,…

This study investigates the development and implementation of a big data-driven English ecological classroom teaching model, aiming to reform university English instruction in alignment with contemporary technological advancements. The conventional teaching framework, often limited to textbooks and in-class activities, has been shown to…

The present study examines the direct and indirect relationships between classroom environment (CE), L2 (second/foreign language) learner emotions (i.e. enjoyment, anxiety and boredom), and their willingness to communicate (WTC) in classes for English as a foreign language (EFL). Participants were 2,268 university students in China. Pearson…

As language programs are endangered in K-16 contexts due to low enrollments, and for budgetary reasons, it is more important than ever to find enduring ways to help promote the study of languages and to make studying languages enjoyable for everyone. For sustainable language education, we need to focus on and promote the true purpose of…

This study adopted a three-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to explore the longitudinal reciprocal relationships between social support and engagement in EFL learning among Chinese high school students. Two samples, including 3505 students (Sample 1 = 1794; Sample 2 = 1711), were tracked with their perceived social support…

This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the impact of integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the flipped classroom model (FCM) on student motivation, engagement, and English language proficiency. Relevant studies from 2015 to 2023 were identified through electronic databases. Eligible studies examined the integration…

This research used qualitative netnography to examine the use of Duolingo German discussion boards among users of varying levels of engagement. The sample contained six participants of various levels of engagement. The criteria for selecting participants were based on usage counts in the discussion board community. This study aimed to examine…

Learning a second language is a complex task. Adopting the innovative use of a multimodal literacies approach provides young second language (L2) learners with expanded opportunities to immerse themselves in the target language. This study explored how participants utilized their multimodal literacies along with the level of investment…

Research into second language acquisition (SLA) has shown that individual difference (ID) variables can be strong predictors of language achievement (e.g., Dornyei, 2003; Skehan, 2003). Traditionally, this research conceptualized ID variables as static and monolithic variables (e.g., Dornyei, 2010). More recently scholars have questioned this…