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Jifeng Wu; Xiaofei Lu; Renfen Hu; Yun Lin; Fengkai Liu – Modern Language Journal, 2025
The adjustment of syntactic and phraseological complexity is a key consideration in text adaptation. However, research on this topic in the context of Chinese as a second language (CSL) remains limited. Using 700 CSL reading texts graded following the newly issued Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education,…
Descriptors: Syntax, Phrase Structure, Grading, Standards
Lisa Klasen; Sonja Ugen; Carole Dording; Michel Fayol; Constanze Weth – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
Inaudible syntactic markers are especially difficult to spell. This paper examines how 455 fourth graders spell silent French plural markers in a dictation with real and pseudowords after one year of formal French instruction (L2). The Generalized Linear Mixed Model analysis shows first that noun plural spelling (real and pseudo) is a strong…
Descriptors: Spelling, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, French
Lu, Xiaofei,; Wu, Jifeng – Modern Language Journal, 2022
This study proposed a set of measures for assessing noun phrase (NP) complexity in second language (L2) Chinese writing and compared the predictive power of these measures for L2 Chinese writing quality to that of a set of syntactic complexity measures based on the topic-comment unit (TC-unit). Our data consisted of 101 narratives written by…
Descriptors: Writing Instruction, Syntax, Chinese, Second Language Learning
Panpan Yao; David Hall; Hagit Borer; Linnaea Stockall – Second Language Research, 2024
It remains unclear whether late second language learners (L2ers) can acquire sufficient knowledge about unique-to-L2 constructions through implicit learning to build anticipations during real-time processing. To tackle this question, we conducted a visual world paradigm experiment to investigate high-proficiency late first-language Dutch…
Descriptors: Indo European Languages, Mandarin Chinese, Second Language Learning, Prediction
Priven, Dmitri – Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics / Revue canadienne de linguistique appliquée, 2020
Complex noun phrases (CNP) are a major vehicle of academic written discourse (Halliday, 1988; 2004). However, in spite of the view that they pose significant challenges to English language learners, they are often overlooked in preparatory English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs. This mixed methods study aims to investigate to what extent CNP…
Descriptors: Nouns, Phrase Structure, English for Academic Purposes, Syntax
Alissa Wolters; Young-Suk Kim – Grantee Submission, 2024
Purpose: There is limited research on the writing of young Spanish-English bilinguals and their writing in both languages. In the current study, we addressed whether written syntax features differed by language (English and Spanish) and varied as a function of grade level, English learner status, and instructional program (dual or English…
Descriptors: Written Language, Spanish, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Alissa Patricia Wolters; Young-Suk Grace Kim – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2024
Purpose: There is limited research on the writing of young Spanish-English bilinguals and their writing in both languages. In the current study, we addressed whether written syntax features differed by language (English and Spanish) and varied as a function of grade level, English learner status, and instructional program (dual or English…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Written Language, Spanish, English (Second Language)
Juffs, Alan; Fang, Shaohua – Language Learning, 2022
This article focuses on the role of crosslinguistic patterns with verbs in the mapping of noun phrases/semantic roles to positions in morphosyntax, with a particular focus on second language (L2) development of Spanish "se." The data set derives from high school learners of Spanish in the United States under broadly deductive and…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Spanish
Chen, Yunchuan – Second Language Research, 2022
This article investigates whether first-language (L1) Chinese-speaking learners of Japanese as a second language (L2) can acquire the knowledge that the reflexive pronoun jibun 'self' within the head noun phrase of Japanese relative clauses cannot refer to the relative clause subject. Successful acquisition would suggest that learners are able to…
Descriptors: Nouns, Phrase Structure, Native Language, Chinese
Aytaç-Demirçivi, Kadriye – Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 2020
The present study investigates the usage of speech like expressions in written works of Turkish learners of English. It also aims to find out the differences between C1 and B1 level learners in terms of the frequency and types of speech like expressions. The participants in this study were 21 B1 and 33 C1 level students at a state university in…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction, Language Usage
Chung, Eun Seon; Shin, Jeong-Ah – Second Language Research, 2023
The present study investigates native (L1) and second language (L2) processing of scope ambiguities in English sentences containing the universal quantifier every in subject NP and negation. Previous studies in L1 and L2 processing of scope ambiguities have found speakers to generally employ a 'minimal effort' principle that highly prefers the…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Form Classes (Languages)
Uba, Sani Yantandu; Irudayasamy, Julius – MEXTESOL Journal, 2023
This study emerged as a result of insufficient knowledge and descriptions of the behavioural profiles of the near-synonym English verbs, "increase" and "rise," by non-corpus-based traditional reference sources used by students. We explored the behavioural characteristics of this group of near-synonym verbs using the British…
Descriptors: Verbs, Computational Linguistics, English, Language Variation
Saricaoglu, Aysel; Atak, Nesrin – Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 2022
This study explores how syntactic complexity and lexical complexity vary in argumentative essays written by L2 learners of English at B2 and C1 CEFR proficiency levels. We approach both syntactic complexity and lexical complexity from a multi-dimensional perspective, examining syntactic complexity at different levels (i.e., global, clausal, and…
Descriptors: Private Colleges, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
Dlugosz, Kamil – Second Language Research, 2023
Although previous research has observed a facilitative influence of the first language (L1) on the acquisition and processing of gender agreement in a second language (L2), particularly in language pairs with similar gender agreement marking, the question of whether knowledge of two languages with gender can confer an additional advantage for…
Descriptors: Grammar, Language Processing, Task Analysis, Accuracy
Monaghan, Padraic; Ruiz, Simón; Rebuschat, Patrick – Second Language Research, 2021
First language acquisition is implicit, in that explicit information about the language structure to be learned is not provided to children. Instead, they must acquire both vocabulary and grammar incrementally, by generalizing across multiple situations that eventually enable links between words in utterances and referents in the environment to be…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Grammar