Virtual Reality (VR) has been utilized in foreign language education for over 50 years, and it has gone through four distinct stages in foreign language education: Two-dimensional (2D) text-based VR, three-dimensional (3D) desktop-based VR, 3D HMD-based VR, and AI-enhanced 3D HMD-based VR. Drawing on relevant studies and examples, this article…

If oral communication in a second language (L2) is considered a skill to be prioritized, it is also particularly anxiety-provoking for L2 learners. This is why their willingness to communicate, predicted in particular by the emotions experienced, has been the focus of recent studies to examine its evolution and factors likely to interact with it.…

A wide variety of gamification tools are available for language learning; however, few studies have explored the impact of Flippity-Connecto (hereafter referred to as Connecto) on learners' cognitive and affective processes. Connecto, a game similar to Tic-Tac-Toe, was designed to assist students in learning English as a foreign language (EFL).…

While there has been a growing interest in teachers' empathy within TESOL, the various dimensions of empathy remain less explored compared to other fields such as anthropology, medicine, and psychology. Guided by the theoretical framing of "teacher knowledge" (TK), this paper reports on one key theme from a doctoral study concerning how…

Domestic immersion (DI) is an effective context for postsecondary language learning, given that DI's instructor-curated environments promote meaningful second language use while providing abundant support for learners. However, DI is at present understudied within second language acquisition research, especially when compared to its more…

Learning about another educational context is often a stated institutional goal of pre-service study abroad. However, living abroad is no guarantee that pre-service teachers will reflect upon their language learning and teaching experiences through the lens of future teaching. Drawing from a large study of reflective practices during study abroad,…

This paper aims at understanding the extent to which languages are taught collaboratively in higher education (HE), which team teaching (TT) models have been implemented, and what lessons were learnt from the experiences. Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework [2005. "Scoping Studies: Towards a Methodological Framework."…

Language testing research has suggested that placement accuracy can be an important factor in the consequences of placement decision-making. However, previous studies primarily have used a one-shot teacher judgment of placement accuracy, suffering from a lack of students' perspectives of their time-varying experiences. The present study aimed to…

This qualitative study reports Vietnamese Australian children's perspectives on their learning experiences at their community language schools. The study draws on interview data with three mothers and their four children (aged 10-12), who used to attend or are currently attending community language schools in the state of Victoria, Australia.…

With the rapid advancement of technology and the need for flexible learning solutions, educational institutions are integrating more and more digital components into their curricula. Blended learning (BL) has emerged as a promising approach, combining the strengths of traditional classroom instruction with the advantages of online learning. This…

While the relationship between language experience and foreign language aptitude (FLA) has been studied extensively, little is known about the underlying intermediate link between them. This study investigates whether multilingual learning experience is correlated with FLA and whether working memory (WM) mediates this relationship. A total of 93…

This book traces the motivational dynamics embedded within lifelong foreign language learning trajectories, examining the factors which generate and sustain motivation throughout a learner's life. Embracing a complexity approach, it views motivation as a long-term individual process that evolves along a narrative continuum, developing over the…

This paper reports on a study that investigates the impact of learning multiple foreign languages on learners' social emotional competence development as mediated by the number of foreign languages and the recency of the learning experience. A questionnaire survey that involved 465 Chinese learners of foreign languages was administered that…

Motivation to learn a second and foreign language has been researched for several decades, initially employing the socio-educational model, and later the multi-dimensional model of motivational factors. The authors investigated the motivation of 279 non-English major students at University of Slavonski Brod (UNISB) in Croatia in learning English…

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT and ERNIE Bot, are documented to influence student learning experience and student engagement. However, factors affecting student engagement in GenAI chatbots learning context are less understood. Self-determination theory (SDT) suggests student basic needs…