Language tests, including international high-stakes English proficiency tests widely used around the world, are to be viewed as ideological constructs connected with power relations and center-periphery demarcations at different social levels. In this paper, we examine the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) as an instance of…

Discusses adult education in Australian aboriginal communities, highlighting the contested place of English in curriculum and assessment and advocating a more complex understanding of these communities' dynamism. Raises questions of culture, identity, and colonialism while focusing on the teacher's role in critical literacy programs. (Eight…