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Alexa Ahooja; Melanie Brouillard; Erin Quirk; Susan Ballinger; Linda Polka; Krista Byers-Heinlein; Ruth Kircher – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2024
This is the first large-scale study of resources as a form of "language management" -- that is, a way of influencing children's language practices. We introduce the distinction between child-directed resources (i.e. those providing parents with opportunities to engage with their children in the languages they are transmitting) and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Parent Child Relationship, Infants, Toddlers
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Sun, He; Steinkrauss, Rasmus; Wieling, Martijn; de Bot, Kees – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2018
This study examines the English vocabulary development of 43 very young child English as a foreign language (FL) learners (age 3.2-6.2) in China. They were tested twice for vocabulary breadth (reception and production) and semantic depth (paradigmatic and syntagmatic vocabulary knowledge). The development of the English vocabulary knowledge…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Chinese