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Jabbari, Nasser; Eslami, Zohreh R. – Language Learning & Technology, 2023
This study investigated negotiations for meaning as conditions for second language (L2) learning in the context of a massively multiplayer online role-playing game, World of Warcraft (WoW) (Blizzard Entertainment, 2004). Varonis and Gass's (1985) and Smith's (2003a) models were used to identify negotiation episodes during on-task and off-task…
Descriptors: Computer Simulation, Role Playing, Video Games, Second Language Learning
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Ko, Shaun; Eslami, Zohreh R. – TESL-EJ, 2021
We present a systematic review of the literature on the use of multiuser virtual environments (MUVE) on the development of pragmatic competence in second language (L2) learners. Specifically, we reviewed studies examining the potential of L2 pragmatic development through synthetic immersive virtual environment (SIE) and massively multiplayer…
Descriptors: Pragmatics, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Teaching Methods