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Direct linkWestergaard, Marit – Second Language Research, 2021
This article is a response to commentaries on the article, "Microvariation in Multilingual Situations: The Importance of Property-by-Property Acquisition" (EJ1300541). This response is divided into sections focusing on the following issues: (1) full transfer and the notion of copying; (2) the definition of linguistic proximity; (3) some…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, Native Language
Jensen, Isabel Nadine; Mitrofanova, Natalia; Anderssen, Merete; Rodina, Yulia; Slabakova, Roumyana; Westergaard, Marit – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
In this study, we investigated crosslinguistic influence (CLI) at developmental stages of third language (L3) acquisition of English by Russian--Norwegian children (N = 31). We tested seven linguistic properties within three linguistic modules (morphology, syntax and syntax-semantics). We compared the L3 learners to Norwegian (N = 90) and Russian…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Multilingualism, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language)
Westergaard, Marit – Second Language Research, 2021
In this article, I argue that first language (L1), second language (L2) and third language (L3) acquisition are fundamentally the same process, based on learning by parsing. Both child and adult learners are sensitive to fine linguistic distinctions, and language development takes place in small steps. While the bulk of the article focuses on…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Linguistic Input, Second Language Learning, Native Language
Bayram, Fatih; Rothman, Jason; Iverson, Michael; Kupisch, Tanja; Miller, David; Puig-Mayenco, Eloi; Westergaard, Marit – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2019
Determining how and why adult outcomes of heritage speaker (HS) bilingualism differ from monolinguals is difficult because it requires the reconstruction of developmental paths from end-state data. In an effort to address this issue, we examine HSs of Turkish in Germany at an early age of development (10-15 years old, n = 22), as well as…
Descriptors: Turkish, German, Bilingualism, Second Language Learning
Jensen, Isabel Nadine; Slabakova, Roumyana; Westergaard, Marit; Lundquist, Björn – Second Language Research, 2020
The Bottleneck Hypothesis (Slabakova, 2008, 2013) proposes that acquiring properties of the functional morphology is the most challenging part of learning a second language. In the experiment presented here, the predictions of this hypothesis are tested in the second language (L2) English of Norwegian native speakers. Two constructions are…
Descriptors: Linguistic Theory, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Morphology (Languages)
Westergaard, Marit – Second Language Research, 2014
The article by Amaral and Roeper (this issue; henceforth A&R) presents many interesting ideas about first and second language acquisition as well as some experimental data convincingly illustrating the difference between production and comprehension. The article extends the concept of Universal Bilingualism proposed in Roeper (1999) to second…
Descriptors: Grammar, Second Language Learning, Native Language, Language Acquisition
