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Kaisa Hahl; Konsta Lehtovuori; Maija Pietarila – Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2025
A compulsory foreign language in Finland starts now in Grade 1 instead of Grade 3. The change has forced teachers to adopt new teaching methods. As young learners are not yet literate, teaching should focus on oral skills and awareness of diversity. Video data from 19 early foreign language lessons of five English, German, or French teachers in…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Usage