According to cognitive psychologists, consistent practice (i.e., tasks with a high degree of similarity) of a skill leads to the development of automaticity, with the degree of automatization being increased if the practice also involves exact repetition. Practice is skill specific, meaning that practicing one skill does not automatize related…

The present study examined the relative effect of direct and indirect written corrective feedback (WCF) on L2 learning and the mediating role of language anxiety in the effectiveness of these two types of WCF. Forty-five Chinese L2 learners of English were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: direct WCF (n = 15), indirect WCF (n =…

Although the effects of peer-editing techniques have been studied from a variety of perspectives, the results when applied to second- or foreign-language students' writing performance are rarely favorable. The current study looked into the effect of peer-editing on the writing achievement of L2 learners. To achieve the goal, data were collected…

Relatively little research has considered how tasks are performed and experienced by students in different types of classrooms. Research shows that innovative classroom designs can lead to higher levels of cognitive engagement, connections between form and meaning, and more diverse forms of input (Schmidt, 1990; Svalberg, 2012) and are…

Many EFL [English as Foreign Language] learners reach university unable to exercise control over their own learning in terms of setting goals, monitoring progress, evaluating activities, and organizing time and resources. To address this concern, an experimental research study was carried out in a Lebanese English medium university. The study…

This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted assessment on young L2 learners' vocabulary knowledge, immunity, and resilience, considering parental and teacher support roles. Sixty junior high school students in Afghanistan, aged 13 to 14, participated in the study. They were divided into an experimental group…

Despite the widespread use of Learner-Oriented Assessment (LOA) in (English as a Foreign Language EFL classes, concerns persist regarding its suitability for contexts such as Iran. Drawing on Carless's (SHE, 31:219-233, 2006) criteria for LOA, the present study examined the effectiveness of peer and teacher feedback in an academic writing course.…

Purpose: Early literacy skills are key indicators of future reading development for young dual language learners (DLLs). Additionally, emerging evidence indicates that young children's executive function (EF) skills are uniquely associated with elementary school reading outcomes (Ribner et al., 2017). Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was…

The current mixed-methods study aimed at incorporating a virtual reality (VR) tool (i.e. Google Expeditions) into the writing process of Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners, examining its impact on their writing motivation and performance. To that end, 42 EFL learners were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups,…

This research investigated the effect of the use of mobile-assisted digital content on students' English lesson achievement. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and posttest given to both an experimental group and a control group. The study consisted of 29 9th Grade students at a public school in Turkey. The pretest was…

Despite a large body of literature on peer feedback and writing motivation, relatively few rigorously designed, experimental studies have been conducted to explore whether or not peer feedback affects students' writing motivation and which dimensions of writing motivation may consequently change. Using an experimental design, this study explored…

Spiritual intelligence involves a search to find and create meaning based on a deep understanding of existential tenets and the ability to reach higher meanings and values. Despite the growing interest among scholars to study the development of this construct and its impact on one's life, it has remained an under-researched area of inquiry,…

Duolingo is arguably the most popular language learning app available today, as measured by its metric of achieving 500 million downloads in 2020, yet remarkably little research has been conducted regarding its implementation or efficacy as a language-learning tool. The handful of studies that do exist have found positive outcomes, although…

The young generation, born into digital technologies and called Millennials or the Y-Generation, are raised in a world where everybody has a computer in their pockets (Hamari et al., 2014), and they are constantly engaged in digital activities. However, research on the impact of digital devices on learners' educational performance and motivation…