This quasi-experimental quantitative study investigated the effects of different formats of multimediaenhanced instruction on knowledge gain and retention of second language learners. The study focused specifically on assessing Mayer's redundancy principle. Second language learners were randomly assigned into two groups and were presented with two…

The redundancy principle of multimedia learning indicates that people learn better from graphics and narration simultaneously than from graphics, narration, and printed text simultaneously. The current study investigated whether the redundancy principle may apply to multimedia instruction of correspondences between a second language (L2) and a…