The increasing diversity of students seeking higher education has considerably changed the landscape of higher education. Although their enrollment in higher education increased, nontraditional students have displayed lower retention and completion rates than traditional students due to the unique barriers they face. This qualitative action…

This study discusses the relationship between Taiwanese adult learners' identity development and language curriculum, exploring how students (re)constructed their identities within the Taiwanese social context. Influenced by exam culture and educational credentialism, Taiwanese language education is mainly exam-oriented and teacher-centered.…

With classroom observation and stimulated recall interviews as research instruments, the present study investigated some of the factors that affected learners' attention to teacher talk in nine English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms. The results revealed five such factors, namely, learners' self evaluation of their language knowledge, the…