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Direct linkBale, Jeff; Kawaguchi, Mayo – Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 2020
This paper examines the intersection of heritage-language education advocacy with anti-racist activism in the 1970s and 1980s in Toronto. The province of Ontario initiated the Heritage Languages Program in 1977. By focusing on discontinuities in the policy's implementation, the paper identifies multiple strategies that Black anti-racist activists…
Descriptors: Heritage Education, Educational Policy, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Eick, Caroline; Valli, Linda – Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 2010
This article examines teachers' relationships with foreign students during eras marked by large waves of immigration to the United States and by policies that shifted from cultural assimilation (1900-1920) to present-day accountability. We compare teachers' understandings of and instructional practices regarding foreign-born English language…
Descriptors: Standardized Tests, Second Language Learning, Accountability, English (Second Language)
