Though the empirical findings of the past studies in the literature have offered strong support to the significant role of language knowledge and background knowledge in reading comprehension, this issue has not been explored with regard to specific purposes tests in the Iranian higher education context. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring…

In recent years, Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Assessment (ICALA) has emerged as a transformative approach in language education, leveraging technology to enhance student assessment and learning processes. Despite its growing importance, there is a scarcity of research investigating the connections among needs satisfaction, teacher…