Developing empathy in teacher education is essential as it contributes to increased sensitivity and understanding between teachers and their students. This is especially important for preservice content-area teachers (PCTs) who may have limited linguistic awareness yet will be potentially teaching emergent multilinguals in their mainstream…

Pragmatics, the social language skills human beings use through everyday social interaction, is a critical and complicated segment of learning a new language. Thus, it is essential to teach pragmatics in English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms and ESL teachers have pragmatic knowledge. This qualitative case study was designed to investigate…

This article illustrates how science teachers can build upon the spatial repertoire within sheltered English instruction to support multilingual learners (MLs). Specifically, this work explores how multiple modalities within a secondary marine biology classroom can be leveraged for instruction to support language and content learning, as well as…

When U.S. English learners (ELs) attend college, they are more likely to enroll in 2-year community colleges than in 4-year colleges. Prior research points to the tension between English as a second language (ESL) programs providing support to ELs and lengthy ESL programs acting as barriers to ELs seeking access to mainstream college coursework.…

Online writing labs (OWLs) have assisted writers since the mid-1990s. Recently, increasing interest in creating OWLs outside of North America has arisen (Gu & Ding, 2002; Paiz, 2017, 2018; Tan, 2011). This interest in OWLs specially designed to address second language (L2) writers and their particular concerns, results from an interest in…

The Global English language teaching (GELT) paradigm gives increased recognition to the plurality of varieties, users, and uses of English worldwide. However, application of GELT to the academic writing classroom can be challenging because of written language's reliance on codified standards; as such, few examples of GELT-informed academic writing…

Quality partnerships are imperative for successful project implementation. The partnership between project personnel and independent evaluators is often overlooked. In effective partnerships, both the evaluators and the education project management team collectively ensure that educational initiatives are well-planned, executed, and assessed. This…

This article describes how a videotaped lesson analysis afforded elementary teachers opportunities to learn during their yearlong English as a second language (ESL) endorsement program. The aim of the assignment was for teachers to attend and respond to student contributions through conducting a macroanalysis of the lesson overall as well as a…

English as a second language teachers often find themselves teaching classes of heterogeneous students who have very divergent English language skills, abilities, and learning needs. One effective approach to address some of the challenges teachers face when teaching heterogeneous, mixed-level classes is task-based language teaching (TBLT). TBLT…

This qualitative interpretive study showcases views and perceptions of K-12 teachers of English as a second language (ESL) in a North Carolina school district regarding the importance of academic language to ensure equal education opportunities for English learners. Framed by sociocultural theory, the study's findings report current, practicing…

Although, traditionally, the purpose of the social studies class in secondary schools is to teach content knowledge, this article argues that historical learning can be a powerful vehicle for English language development for late-arrival English learners (ELs) in middle and high schools. ELs bring a wealth of life experiences, diverse…

The emphasis on English language learner (ELL) education in the United States has shifted heavily toward integrated content and language instruction. Now, English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) teachers are expected to teach language through content areas, such as math, in an effort to meet the needs of ELLs. However, ESOL teacher…

This ethnographic study examines the language ideology shifts among a group of 20 Mexican American/Latinx preservice bilingual teachers within a translanguaging space (Wei, 2011). This article explores how understanding different language ideological approaches to bilingualism and bilingual education through the use of translanguaging as the…

Immersion education, a variant of content-based instruction, is characterised by the dual curriculum goals of content and language learning. The content and language learning goals become increasingly complex and challenging at the late immersion level. One way to help students achieve these goals is by planning content and language learning…

Teachers of English as a second language (ESL) are often on the frontline of working with adult ESL learners who are facing a difficult developmental pathway to academic and/or economic success. These learners come to the task of learning English with widely varying schooling experiences, degrees of first language literacy, and English language…