The integration of design thinking with extended reality (XR) and artificial intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential for second language (L2) learning by providing immersive, interactive, and personalized experiences. Despite significant advancements in XR and AI technologies, their practical integration within formal language education…

Virtual reality (VR) can be beneficial for learning and for increasing learners' engagement and motivation. However, aggregations of studies on language learning in high-immersion VR are scarce. This paper offers a systematic review of existing research on VR-based language learning, encompassing 32 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and…

Imagine producing curricula to teach a new language to an audience in a different country that has never had access to computers or the Internet. How will instructional designers and teachers communicate when worlds are so vastly different? Before reading, writing, or speaking, images and movement facilitate communication. This article describes a…

This mixed-method pre-test/post-test experimental study aims to investigate the effects of Augmented Reality (AR) supported English as a foreign language course on 42 high school students' attitudes towards the English language course, on learners' beliefs of self-efficacy in English and on their motivation towards the instructional materials used…

Pre-service teachers (PSTs) of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) need extensive training, preparing them for challenges encountered in real classrooms. Such challenges include presenting the target content knowledge in front of the class and promptly responding to students' questions on the content. High-immersion virtual reality (VR) is…

In the use of English programme of the general studies unit of Nigerian universities, computer based testing (CBT) has been introduced as a novel approach for writing examinations, as against the paper based test (PBT). For this reason, there is a need to ascertain students' perceptions of computer-based tests in the use of English Programme,…

As more higher education institutions in the United States look not only to be designated as Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSI) but to serve their student population in languages other than English, learning designers who are native speakers or have fluency in languages other than English are utilizing their language and cultural competencies to…

Public Internet Data Mining methods enable studying educational institutions' public-facing communication. Multiple online data sources can illuminate differences in how different audiences are addressed online, opening the door for critical inquiry into emerging issues of representation and targeted advertising. The present study presents a case…

The purpose of the study reported in this article was to investigate the contribution of engaging in an online Teacher Professional Development (oTPD) course to improving different facets of English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' Professional Development (PD). To this end, ten EFL teachers of a language institute participated in the study to…

Social media has become a daily activity in today's technological age, and with this development, educators are met with another possible tool to facilitate language learning. This study was conducted to examine the use of social media, in particular Facebook and Twitter, as a pedagogical instrument in beginning level Spanish courses. Two…

This case study explored college students' use of interactive virtual reality tools (Google Cardboard and Expeditions) for learning Chinese as a foreign language. Specifically, the purpose of the study was to probe into students' perceived benefits and challenges of using VR tools for Chinese language and culture learning. Twelve students were…

The purpose of this study was to examine how faculty in the department of Curriculum and Instruction at one university perceived the usefulness of a website which contained ELL (English language learner) teaching resources (e.g., videos, lesson plans, handouts) created by graduate students. The website was created as part of a graduate level…

The use of technology is an integral component in the learning and teaching of languages in the twenty-first Century. Around the globe, studies have been carried out to investigate the integration of technology in language classrooms. However, there is a lack of empirical research on this subject in Afghanistan. Therefore, the purpose of this…

This paper focuses on "blogfolios", online interactive blog-based portfolios, developed by students for class projects in Electronic Literacy. Blogfolios may contain interactive images, podcasts, and web-log discussions on a variety of researched academic topics. The impact of academic blogfolios on the second language learner's…

This study explores the effects of instructor's self-disclosure using the Facebook social networking online platform on students' motivation types in an online language course. The participants were 104 beginning French students enrolled in an online French course at a major research university in the southeast U.S. The participants were divided…