This study explores the potential of native language literacy instruction for adult immigrant English language learners who have limited formal schooling or have had interruptions in their formal education. By examining 3 programs that provide native language literacy in combination with English as a second language (ESL) instruction, this study…

A 1970's educational program in Skovde, Sweden, supports the country's immigrant policy of equality, freedom of choice, and cooperation by providing for active bilingualism among immigrant children at school. The program provides instruction from certified bilingual teachers in 16 home languages for immigrant groups dominated by Finns but also…

The report summarizes findings of research activities conducted over 2 years by the Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) on the mother tongue and English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) literacy. The first section provides a review of existing literature in native language literacy for adults, including a summary of surveys, review of studies on native…