Given the importance of conversation practice in language learning, chatbots, especially ChatGPT, have attracted considerable attention for their ability to converse with learners using natural language. This review contributes to the literature by examining the currently unclear overall effect of using chatbots on language learning performance…

The article reviews Digital Language Learning (DLL) research that has used principles and concepts of Sociocultural Theory (SCT) to support the research. We explain several key principles of the theory and shows how they have been misused or used in a superficial way in the DLL research. These include the assumption that SCT is a social rather…

Purpose: In recent years, digital projects have created tools for learning languages, such as mobile applications (apps). In contexts where the language has low prestige, innovative digital learning tools can support language revitalisation. This article takes the Australian Kaytetye Indigemoji app as a case study in community resource…

This study explored the relationship between metapragmatic knowledge and transfer of learning from one speech act to another. Using a digital application, 105 Chinese learners of English received implicit instruction on how to formulate a high-imposition request to someone in a higher social status and larger social distance. Immediately after the…

Background: Augmented reality can provide a 3D virtual experience, widely used in modern education. However, the impact of these applications on the underdeveloped tribal community has yet to be investigated. To our knowledge, no markerless augmented reality application has been developed especially for learning the language of the Bodo tribe.…

Using a thematic analysis methodology, this paper attempts a critical review of published articles on Chinese character teaching and learning in and outside China between 2005 and 2019, highlighting contributions scholars made to the current literature as well as identifying gaps in the research. The analysis reveals that there is a rather large…

This article shares a participatory action research project about the use of technology, specifically online Indigenous language courses, to learn and teach Indigenous languages. The research collaborators are the NETOLNEW "one mind, one people" Partnership, 7000 Languages, and two Indigenous Partners who have created courses with 7000…

This study investigates how learners use a freely available web-based multimodal language learning environment based on videos and newspaper articles with corresponding exercises and learning support in the form of help options, "NedBox," for learning L2 Dutch. In order to measure learners' use, a combination of eye movement and screen…

Social Virtual Reality (VR) applications enable real-time interpersonal conversation and allow users to perform activities together. They have the potential of changing the ways learners practise speaking a foreign language. Following a previous study (Jauregi Ondarra, Gruber, & Canto, 2020), we designed the present study to explore how…

This mixed-method research was conducted to examine the perceptions of self-learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) toward mobile learning (m-learning) apps. It integrated several constructs from the technology acceptance model (TAM) and constructivist learning theory (CLT) to provide a detailed picture of the learners' perceptions. The…

There has been much debate in assessment research about the inclusion of Global English accents in high-stakes listening tests. This study explored test-takers' attitudes toward the inclusion of different English accents in the Duolingo English Test (DET) 2021 test version and their associations with listening test scores. One hundred sixty…

Idiomatic expressions like "hit the road" or "turn the tables" are known to be problematic for L2 learners, but research indicates that learning L2 idiomatic language is important. Relatively few studies, most of them focusing on English idioms, have investigated how L2 idioms are actually acquired and how this process is…

Technology has paved the way for new modalities in language learning; however, indigenous populations often lack access to these tools. This critical literature review examines how researchers have tried to overcome this hurdle by reaching out to marginalized indigenous populations and providing access to emerging technologies. We used 63 texts…

"An Corpas Cliste" ('Clever Corpus') is an Irish language learner corpus. The corpus data comes from a purpose-built intelligent Computer Assisted Language Learning (iCALL) platform called "An Scéalaí" ('the Storyteller') and comprises both audio and text, produced by second and third level learners of Irish. Metadata (e.g. L1,…

Feedback is a well-known advantage for language learning. Primary studies on feedback in computer-assisted language learning (CALL) demonstrates that feedback has a significant effect on student language learning. Previous reviews (e.g., Azevedo & Bernard, 1995; Kang & Han 2015; Li, 2010) provided important insights on language learning.…