Background/purpose; There is an ongoing debate on the potentiality of using AI for educational purposes, ranging from some optimistic views that anticipate AI to continue changing the interface of language education on one side, to a more cautious camp questioning the efficacy of the issue. As a significant group of stakeholders in the educational…

The increasing use of computer-based mode in language testing raises concern over its similarities with and differences from paper-based format. The present study aimed to delineate discrepancies between TOEFL PBT and CBT. For that objective, a quantitative method was employed to probe into scores equivalence, the performance of male-female…

Promoting students' digital literacy has become a significant challenge for educational authorities and course designers. However, very limited attention has been directed toward junior high school students' digital literacy in the literature of computer-assisted language learning (CALL). Thus, this mixed-methods study explored junior high school…

Research on self-directed learning practices has ascertained various potential benefits of learner achievement. As mobile technology offers highly practical and portable usage for self-directed learning, studies on language learning practices through technology-based applications have become prevalent among adult learners. This study aimed to…

Statistical learning refers to the ability to detect regularities from sensory input, including speech. Statistical learning plays a key role in language acquisition, particularly for complex structures, such as nonadjacent dependencies, that are ubiquitous in natural language syntax. This study investigates nonadjacent dependency learning in…

This paper reports on a study investigating the use of digital devices by language students at universities in New Zealand, Sweden and Germany. The study also examines the use of social media for learning a foreign language in an institutional context, using survey results from language students in the three countries. Based on an online survey…

It is believed that there is a significant difference between the use of technology in technologically advanced and advancing countries, and the users in the former act far better with technology than the users in the latter. However, there is not enough report on how this usage differs in terms of the independent use of technology in a foreign…

This study examined if gaze-contingent textual enhancement could be used as an interactive focus-on-form device to promote learning of second language (L2) collocations from computer-mediated reading tasks. Seventy-five Chinese ESL users read three English texts that contained twelve target collocations, presented under one of three conditions: no…

The outburst of information technology in the later parts of the twentieth century has taken the whole world into its scope. There is an ever growing use of computers in the workplaces and universities. The purpose of this study was to measure the attitudes of the English language university instructors towards the use of computers. It was a…

This quantitative study explored how secondary world language (WL) learners' attitudes about computer-assisted language learning (CALL) were related to their attitudes and self-confidence about their language class and the prevalence of computer usage in their language classroom. Research has suggested positive correlations between these factors,…

Today, more than ever before, English-language educators recognize the importance of using digital resources to teach students in a variety of modalities. Current circumstances have caused schools, universities, institutes, and colleges all over the world to rethink the way they teach and learn. Teaching with technology has suddenly evolved from a…

Word reading fluency is crucial for early L2 development. Moreover, the practice of digital reading has become increasingly common for both children and adults. Therefore, the current study investigated factors that explain digital word reading fluency in English (L2) among Chinese children from Hong Kong. Eighty-six children (age: M = 9.78, SD =…

Integrating recent technologies into the education environment is one of the dynamic requirements for teachers of digital age learners. Such requirements oblige teachers to have adequate technology competence and know-how to integrate them into their pedagogical practices. Thus, the present study intends to illustrate English Language teachers'…

The COVID-19 pandemic worldwide evidenced the need to revise and strengthen the current perspective of the role of technology in nontechnology- based classes. The current situation requires the revision of practices and basic knowledge of computer literacy and use. Traditionally, technology in the process of language learning has been considered…

This paper aims to provide teachers with a practical guide to working in an IT enabled classroom. The paper outlines four central practical examples, with teacher reflections, of what was required in starting an actual IT enabled English listening & speaking program. The classroom environment described is board-less, meaning the teacher's…